Multi-scale design of the chela of the hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus

Lin, Weiqin; Liu, Pan; Li, Shan; Tian, Jie; Cai, Wenran; Zhang, Xiao; Peng, Jinqing; Miao, Chunguang; Zhang, Hong; Gu, Ping; Wang, Zhengzhi; Zhang, Zuoqi; Luo, Tianzhi

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.012

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Besides of Ca, Cl, and P, the following elements, that are not the basis of chitin and probably reinforce the cuticle, were previously detected in the cuticle of crustacean: Mg 50 , 51 , 55 , 69 , 78 , 81 , 88 ; S, K, Br, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in copepod mandibles 72 ; Cu and Zn in copepod mandibles 71 ; Br in amphipod mandibles 73 and isopod claws 88 ; S in shrimp claws 52 . For Procambarus clarkii , we also detected Mg, K, S, Zn, and Fe, but no Br, Ni, and Cu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the mechanical properties, previous studies on various crustacean taxa identified the following Young’s moduli: for dactyls, values range from 25 to 60 GPa 83 and from 10 to 70 GPa 81 ; for claws, from 2 to 26 GPa 52 and from 5 to 32 GPa 88 ; for mandibles, from 4 to 33 GPa 69 and from 10 to 100 GPa 75 ; for chelae, from 2 to 55 GPa 51 ; for the exocuticle of carapaces, from 8 to 24 GPa 56 and from 8 to 69 GPa 50 . Most of these studies showed that the values decrease from the interacting surface towards interior, which could also be seen for the gastric mill of Procambarus clarkii .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the gastric mill of Procambarus clarkii , we determined, as it was also determined in previous studies on crustacean cuticle [e.g., 50 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 65 , 83 ], that the hardness and elasticity values relate to the mineral content. This relationship is especially prominent in the epicuticle; here the mechanical properties seem to have their origin in the proportions and distribution of the following inorganic elements: Si (potentially bounded as silica), Ca, P, and F (potentially present as apatite).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Sci Rep

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The gastric mill of Decapoda is a unique feature, which comprises teeth, stabilizing ossicles, and particle sorting setae. Involved in the fragmentation and sorting of the food, this structure serves as interface between the organism and its environment. As material properties complement morphology and hold information about function and trophic preferences, we here provide a basis for more comparative research on gastric mills. For gastric mill components of the adult red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, we studied (a) the micro-structure via scanning electron microscopy, (b) the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (c) the heterogeneities in material properties and degree of tanning (autofluorescence) by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and (d) the mechanical properties hardness and elasticity by nanoindentation technique. The morphology and micro-structure were previously described for this species, but the mechanical properties and the autofluorescence were not studied before. As epicuticle and exocuticle could be analyzed individually, material property gradients, with values decreasing from the interacting surface towards interior, could be determined. Finally, we were able to relate the mechanical property data with the elemental composition and the degree of tanning. We found that the epicuticle of the teeth is among the hardest and stiffest biological materials in invertebrates due to the incorporations of high proportions of silicon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Sci Rep

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“…With regard to the mechanical properties, previous studies on various crustacean taxa have revealed the following Young's moduli: for dactyls, values range from 25 to 60 GPa (Yaraghi et al, 2016) and from 10 to 70 GPa (Weaver et al, 2012); for claws, from 2 to 26 GPa (Qian et al, 2018), and from 5 to 32 GPa (Vittori et al, 2021); for mandibles, from 4 to 33 GPa (Fabritius et al, 2016) and from 10 to 100 GPa (Bentov et al, 2012); for chela, from 2 to 55 GPa (Lin et al, 2021); for the exocuticle of carapaces, from 8 to 24 GPa (Sachs et al, 2006) and from 8 to 69 GPa (Inoue et al, 2021). Most of these studies showed that the values decrease from the interacting surface towards interior, which could also be seen for the gastric mill layers of Procambarus clarkii.…”

Section: Previous Work On the Crustacean Cuticle And The Gastric Millmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analyzed the epi-and exocuticle but not the endocuticle, because the outer layer complex studied (epi-plus exocuticle) has an immediate interaction with the food and could thus hold important ecological information. Shown by previous studies on crustaceans, the endocuticle is signi cantly softer and rather contributes to function by suppressing micro cracks by adsorbing energy Sachs et al, 2006;Qian et al, 2018;Rosen et al, 2020;Inoue et al, 2021;Lin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Nanoindentation and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (Edx)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings

Brütt

Gorb

2022

Preprint

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The gastric mill of Decapoda is a unique feature consisting of interacting teeth, stabilizing ossicles, and particle sorting setae. As this organ is involved in the mechanical fragmentation of the food, it serves as interface between organism and environment. There is an ongoing debate to which extend structures are shaped due to phylogeny or to ecology. As material properties complement morphology and hold information about functionality and trophic preferences, we here aim at providing a basis for more intensely comparative research on material composition and properties of gastric mill components. Data on the micro-structure, documented via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), on the elemental composition, determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDS), on the heterogeneities in material properties, visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and on the mechanical properties hardness and elasticity (i.e., Young’s modulus), tested by nanoindentation technique, of gastric mill components from the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia is here presented. The elemental composition of gastric mill components was studied previously in other taxa, but the mechanical properties were never tested before. As epicuticle and exocuticle could be analyzed individually, due to rather large thickness of the epicuticle, material property gradients, with values decreasing from the interacting surface towards interior, could be determined. Finally, we were able to relate the mechanical property data and the autofluorescence signals with the elemental composition and the degree of tanning.

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High‐performance healable plastics: Focusing topological structure design based on constitutional dynamic chemistry

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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Over the past three decades, significant efforts have been dedicated to developing polymeric materials with exciting healable ability; however, stiff and healable plastics with high glass transition temperatures (Tg) have received relatively less attention compared to their soft counterparts such as gels and elastomers due to the inherent trade‐off between mechanical robustness and dynamics. High‐performance plastics are irreplaceable in the fields of engineering and industry, making it a challenging yet urgent task to confer them with desired healable properties whilst maintaining high mechanical strength. In this review, we first present recent advances in the field of high‐performance healable plastics based on constitutional dynamic chemistry, from the perspective of different topological structures including linear‐, branched‐ and network types. Meanwhile, we also elaborate on various toughening strategies for existing healable plastics, mainly centered around molecular to micrometer scale modifications. Moreover, we also provide a detailed exposition of previous reports on the autonomously room‐temperature self‐healing plastics, which represent a groundbreaking development in the realm of advanced healable plastics. Eventually, we emphasize diverse functionalized healable plastics to illustrate their potential for practical implementation, and propose an outlook on the future development of healable plastics.image

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Multi-scale design of the chela of the hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

High‐performance healable plastics: Focusing topological structure design based on constitutional dynamic chemistry

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