Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Krings, Wencke; Brütt, Jan-Ole; Gorb, Stanislav N.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22724-w

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…We, thus, propose here, that the inorganic content of the tooth tips in uences the emitted auto uorescence signal. This is similar to the crustacean exoskeletons, where Ca was found to cause a blue signal and Si a green signal [121,122,123].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Two radulae per species, that were previously documented via SEM, were detached from carbon tape by alcohol, cleaned with an ultrasonic bath, and attached to glass object slides by double-sided adhesive tape, following our previous protocol [52,74,96,101,123,135]. Then, each radula was surrounded by a small metallic ring, which was lled with epoxy resin (Reckli Epoxy WST, RECKLI GmbH, Herne, Germany).…”

Section: Elemental Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (Edx)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test the mechanical properties, nanoindentation was performed on two additional radulae per species [for detailed protocol see 42,43,48,52,53,101,123]. Radulae were, similar to the radulae used for EDX, arranged on glass object slides, surrounded by a small metallic ring, which was lled with epoxy resin.…”

Section: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A) Sections of teeth were on display, i.e., the inner layer (Figure 7A, right side). This is the usual situation [see 42,43,48,52,53,101,123]. We here searched for teeth, that had basis, stylus, and tip on display, and tested at these three localities to receive data on mechanical property gradients within each tooth (Figure 7B).…”

Section: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coping with abrasion and structural failure – diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Krings

Wägele²,

Neumann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Most molluscs forage with their radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth. As teeth are interfaces between the individual and its ingesta, trophic specialisations can be reflected by morphology, composition, and mechanical properties of the radula. Adaptations to the ingesta – especially with regard to mechanisms contributing to the reduction of structural failure and wear – are well studied in the heavily mineralized teeth of Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda. For the rather chitinous teeth of non-limpet snails, we are however confronted with a large gap of knowledge. Results: For this study, we selected nudibranch gastropods, which are of high interest, when studying trophic specialisations, because taxa are strongly adapted to forage on certain prey types. To shed some light on this type of radula, we here investigated two species – Felimare picta and Doris pseudoargus, which are similar with regard to their food preference (Porifera-consuming). Tooth morphologies were documented using scanning-electron-microscopy and mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation, to develop hypotheses on functional adaptations of the radula to the ingesta. We found that tooth morphologies and mechanical properties are rather similar in both species, indicating that teeth are similar in their function. In the search for the reasons of the specific mechanical properties, we studied the material composition. Teeth were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), to determine the degree of tanning, and analysed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), to determine the elemental composition. Our results show, that the inorganic content and the emitted autofluorescence signal differ between the species. This was especially prominent, when studying the inner and outer sides (leading and trailing edges) of teeth. In F. picta, we detected high proportions of Si, whereas teeth of D. pseudoargus contained high amounts of Ca, which influenced the autofluorescence signal in CLSM. Using nanoindentation we determined high Young’s modulus and hardness values for the leading edges of teeth, which seem to correlate with the Si- and Ca-content. Conclusions: This is a new set of data for non-limpet gastropods, rendering that their teeth can be mechanically enhanced via different chemical pathways to reach similar properties in reducing structural failure and abrasion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Elemental Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (Edx)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coping with abrasion and structural failure – diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Krings

Wägele²,

Neumann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…We therefore propose that the inorganic content of the tooth tips influences the emitted autofluorescence signal. This is similar to the crustacean exoskeletons, where Ca was found to cause a blue signal and Si a green signal [125–127].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Coping with abrasive food: diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Krings

Wägele

Neumann

et al. 2023

J. R. Soc. Interface.

Self Cite

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Molluscs forage with their radula, a chitinous membrane with teeth. Adaptations to hard or abrasive ingesta were well studied in Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, but for other taxa there are large gaps in knowledge. Here, we investigated the nudibranch gastropods Felimare picta and Doris pseudoargus , both of which feed on Porifera. Tooth morphologies were documented by scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation. We found that these parameters are rather similar in both species, indicating that teeth are similar in their function. To study the composition, teeth were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), to determine the degree of tanning, and analysed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, to test the elemental composition. The emitted autofluorescence signal and the inorganic content differed between the species. This was especially prominent when studying the inner and outer tooth surfaces (leading and trailing edges). In F. picta , we detected high proportions of Si, whereas teeth of D. pseudoargus contained high amounts of Ca, which influenced the autofluorescence signal in CLSM. Employing nanoindentation, we determined high Young's modulus and hardness values for the leading edges of teeth, which relate to the Si and Ca content. This highlights that teeth with a similar morphology and mechanical properties can be mechanically enhanced via different chemical pathways in Nudibranchia.

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Elemental composition and material properties of radular teeth in the heterobranch snail Gastropteron rubrum (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea) foraging on hard organisms

Krings,

Neumann,

Gorb

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The molluscan feeding structure is the radula, a chitinous membrane with teeth, which are highly adapted to the food and the substrate to which the food is attached. In Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, the handling of hard ingesta can be facilitated by high content of chemical compounds containing Fe or Si in the tooth cusps. Other taxa, however, possess teeth that are less mineralized, even though animals have to avoid structural failure or high wear during feeding as well. Here, we investigated the gastropod Gastropteron rubrum, feeding on hard Foraminifera, diatoms and Porifera. Tooth morphologies and wear were documented by scanning electron microscopy and their mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation. We determined that gradients of hard‐ and stiffness run along each tooth, decreasing from cusp to basis. We also found that inner lateral teeth were harder and stiffer than the outer ones. These findings allowed us to propose hypotheses about the radula‐ingesta interaction. In search for the origins of the gradients, teeth were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy, to determine the degree of tanning, and analyzed with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, to test the elemental composition. We found that the mechanical gradients did not have their origins in the elemental content, as the teeth did not contain high proportions of metals or other minerals. This indicates that their origin might be the degree of tanning. However, in the tooth surfaces that interact with the ingesta high Si and Ca contents were determined, which is likely an adaptation to reduce wear.

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Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)

Cited by 11 publications

References 114 publications

Coping with abrasion and structural failure – diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Coping with abrasion and structural failure – diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Coping with abrasive food: diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Elemental composition and material properties of radular teeth in the heterobranch snail Gastropteron rubrum (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea) foraging on hard organisms

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