Multi-Scale Compromise and Multi-Level Correlation in Complex Systems

High-resolution simulation of gas–solid suspension using macro-scale particle methods

“…This is the first time the physical picture of compromising is revealed to us, though the scenario has been described in full length by Li et al (2004Li et al ( , 2005 based on a statistical analysis of the simulations results (Zhang et al, 2005) from pseudo-particle modeling (PPM)-the molecular ancestor of MaPPM. Limited by the computational cost of that method, temporal flow details have not been obtained before.…”

“…The constitutive laws needed in continuum methods can be studied and verified with these data. This is, in fact, a typical way that microscopic direct simulations can be employed to improve the accuracy of conventional approaches fundamentally and bring them into the realm of multi-scale modeling (Li et al, 2005).…”

Analytical multi-scale method for multi-phase complex systems in process engineering—Bridging reductionism and holism

“…From the EMMS model described above, a general mathematical formulation for the analytical multi-scale method has been proposed Kwauk, 2002, 2003;Li et al, 2005b). Multi-scale structure arises from the stability condition of a given system, the phenomena at different scales are determined by the compromise between dominant mechanisms.…”

An ontological conceptualization of multiscale models

“…More recent work on classification has been reported during the preparation of this manuscript, e.g. by Li et al (2005) and by Vlachos (2005).…”