Multi-response optimization of Artemia hatching process using split-split-plot design based response surface methodology

Arun, V.; Saharan, Neelam; Ramasubramanian, V.; Rani, A. M. Babitha; Salin, Krishna R.; Sontakke, Ravindra; Haridas, Harsha; Pazhayamadom, Deepak George

doi:10.1038/srep40394

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…One gram cysts were initially hydrated in freshwater for one hour in a separating funnel or cone shaped container. Seawater was prepared by dissolving 17 g of sea salt in 500 mL of distilled water [38,39]. The cone was facilitated with good aeration for 48 h at room temperature and under continuous illumination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugation of Penicillin-G with Silver(I) Ions Expands Its Antimicrobial Activity against Gram Negative Bacteria

et al. 2020

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Conjugation of penicillin G (PenH) with silver(I) ions forms a new CoMeD (conjugate of metal with a drug) with formula [Ag(pen)(CH3OH)]2 (PenAg). PenAg was characterized by a plethora of physical and spectroscopic techniques, which include in the solid state m.p.; elemental analysis; X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); FT-IR; and in solution: attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR), UV–Vis, 1H NMR, and atomic absorption (AA). The structure of PenAg was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Silver(I) ions coordinate to the carboxylic group of PenH, while secondary intra-molecular interactions are developed through (i) the nitrogen atom of the amide group in MeOD-d4 or (ii) the sulfur atom in the thietane ring in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO-d6. The antibacterial activities of PenAg and the sodium salt of penicillin (PenNa) (the formulation which is clinically used) against Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeuroginosa PAO1)) bacteria were evaluated by the means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and inhibition zone (IZ). PenAg inhibits the growth of the Gram negative bacterial strain P. aeuroginosa with a MIC value of 23.00 ± 2.29 μM, in contrast to PenNa, which shows no such activity (>2 mM). The corresponding antimicrobial activities of PenAg against the Gram positive bacteria S. epidermidis and S. aureus are even better than those of PenNa. Moreover, PenAg exhibits no in vivo toxicity against Artemia salina at concentration up to 300 μΜ. The wide therapeutic window and the low toxicity, make PenAg a possible candidate for the development of a new antibiotic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugation of Penicillin-G with Silver(I) Ions Expands Its Antimicrobial Activity against Gram Negative Bacteria

et al. 2020

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“…Besides offering a large amount of information from a small number of experiments, RSM enables the assessment of the effect of interactions among the factors on the response. RSM has been extensively used in analytical applications, the industry and in bioprocesses, but only has very recently been used within the framework of biological studies [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling digestive hydrolysis of nutrients in fish using factorial designs and desirability function

et al. 2018

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Models simulating the in vitro digestive hydrolysis of nutrients by different animal species are frequently used to obtain a better understanding of factors affecting this process. Optimization algorithm of a model may be used to prospect the more favourable combination of selected factors resulting in the higher performance. This study was conducted to determine the combination of factors (pH, enzyme:substrate ratio, and reaction time) leading to highest bioavailability of proteins and carbohydrates in the gilthead seabream gastrointestinal tract. Besides, a novel multi-objective algorithm, desirability function, was introduced for optimization of the digestive hydrolysis of nutrients within the simulated gut of the species, using models based on the Response Surface Methodology. Design of experiment was defined based on the physiology and culture conditions of the species, and in vitro assays were performed in a two-phase (stomach ad intestine) digestion process, using the species-specific enzyme extract. According to results, intestinal phase of digestion makes the major contribution to the total protein hydrolysis, being the efficiency of the process directly correlated to all the three studied factors. In contrast, the efficiency of carbohydrate hydrolysis was directly correlated to the amount of substrate and inversely to the pH, while reaction time did not exert a significant effect. The physiological range of the factors studied in the assays favoured the hydrolysis of proteins over carbohydrates, a similar scenario to that observed in the live fish. Results from the mathematical models and their simultaneous optimization obtained from this work may have practical applications in design of feeds for this species.

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“…In RSM, optimized responses, i.e. output variables are controlled by several independent (input) variables and found helpful to cut the number of experimental trials needed to test multiple parameters and their interactions 17,19,20 . Therefore, in present work, RSM with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used as a statistical tool for the optimization of cucurbitacin extraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient extraction of cucurbitacins from Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey: Optimization using response surface methodology, extraction methods and study of some important bioactivities

Patel

Attar

Sakate

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey is an important medicinal plant used in several reproductive medicines. It serves as a wide source of tetracyclic triterpens called cucurbitacins. Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was studied to optimize the production of cucurbitacins. RSM put forth the ideal conditions such as 1:30 SS ratio (g/mL), 80 rpm (mixing extraction speed), 150 µm mean particle size, 30 min extraction time and 50 °C using chloroform in continuous shaking extraction (CSE) and showed the highest cucurbitacin I (CUI) content (2.345 ± 0.1686 mg/g DW). Similarly, the highest yield of cucurbitacin B (CUB) (1.584 ± 0.15 mg/g DW) was recorded at ideal conditions (1:40 g/mL SS ratio and 60 min time and others similar to CUI). Among the tested extraction methods, the highest CUI, CUB, and CUI + B yield (1.437 ± 0.03, 0.782 ± 0.10, 2.17 ± 0.35 mg/g DW, respectively) as well as promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (25.06 ± 0.1 µgAAE/g DW) were recorded from the SBAE (steam bath assisted extraction). In addition, MAE and UAE revealed the highest inhibition of α-amylase (68.68%) and α-glucosidase (56.27%) enzymes, respectively. Fruit extracts showed potent anticancer activity against breast (MCF-7) and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines (LC 50 -44.27 and 46.88 µg/mL, respectively). Our study proved that SS ratio, particle size and temperature were the most positively influencing variables and served to be the most efficient for the highest recovery of CUI and CUB. Based on the present study, the fruits of D. palmatus were revealed as a potent antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anticancer bio-resource that could be explored further to develop novel drug to manage diabetes, cancer and oxidative stress related disorders.The plants from the family Cucurbitaceae are commonly called as melons, squashes, and gourds which are traditionally used in the human diet. It comprises 122 genera and 940 species of which 31 genera and 94 species are found in India 1 . Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey is a slender-stemmed tendril climber commonly called as Shivlingi. Traditionally, this plant has been used in the folk medicine and possesses several activities such as gynaecological, anti-asthmatic, anti-convulsant, anti-venom, anti-inflammatory, androgenic and antioxidant 2-4 . The family Cucurbitaceae has been recognized as a rich source of bitter compounds, called cucurbitacins 5 . The cucurbitacins are highly unsaturated triterpenes containing many keto-, hydroxy-and acetoxy-groups. They are the major active components in traditional medicine, herbal remedies and Pharmacopoeia to treat various health issues such as hepatoprotective, anti-fertility, diabroticites cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory activities 6 . In a recent study, cucurbitacin I (CUI) has been identified as a strong inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway (a common oncogenic signaling pathway), which is constitutively activated in many types of cancer; hence, it is considered as a milestone in cancer therapy 7 . Similarly...

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Multi-response optimization of Artemia hatching process using split-split-plot design based response surface methodology

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Conjugation of Penicillin-G with Silver(I) Ions Expands Its Antimicrobial Activity against Gram Negative Bacteria

Conjugation of Penicillin-G with Silver(I) Ions Expands Its Antimicrobial Activity against Gram Negative Bacteria

Modelling digestive hydrolysis of nutrients in fish using factorial designs and desirability function

Efficient extraction of cucurbitacins from Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey: Optimization using response surface methodology, extraction methods and study of some important bioactivities

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