Multi-purpose sowing machine for agricultural crops using various technologies

Abstract

The variety of soil and climatic conditions, field topography, precipitation, soil type and vegetation cover of various zones of Russia indicates the need to choose the technology and complex of machines for cultivating crops in accordance with the conditions of the farming zone. At the same time, one of the main factors for obtaining high yields of high-quality grain is the method of cultivated crops sowing and the type of coulter used. Depending on the sown area of the farm, the sowing of various crops seeds is carried out by tractors of the 1,4-8 traction class, which requires the development of sowing machines with different capture widths, row spacing and depth of seed embedding in the soil. In this regard, there is a need to develop a design scheme and substantiate the parameters of the sowing machine and its nodes, made of the same type of modules with different working widths, made up into a sectional frame and equipped with a universal sowing section with replaceable anchor, disk, keel, T-shaped and spear coulters for sowing crops cultivated using various technologies. At the same time, the sowing machine should have a low metal consumption, minimal traction resistance and maximum productivity, meeting the agrotechnical requirements for various crops sowing.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Following the Soil Microrelief Contour by the Seeder Section

“…Taking into account the specifics of this technology, direct seeding machines operate in the conditions of increased soil resistance and a substantial amount of postharvest residues. These factors can significantly deteriorate the quality of the seed distribution in depth, which is mainly preconditioned by the instability of the coulter motion [1][2][3].…”

Study of the tractive resistance of the no-till planting section

“…Tools are important elements of seeding machines used in the no-till technology [1][2][3][4][5]. These are generally combined sowing sections simultaneously performing several heterogeneous operations: cutting the upper compacted soil layer, furrowing, laying the seed into the soil, and seeding down [4,5].…”

“…A review of the designs of sowing sections [1,2,4,5], as well as the previous studies, allowed establishing that it is most expedient to use a combined sowing section with a slotting disk, an anchor colter, and a press wheel for the no-till technology-based seeding (Fig. 1).…”

“…So the section described in [1] can operate in heavy soils with a significant amount of plant residues; however, sowing is carried out at a depth of no more than 10 cm. The sowing section described in [2] has a high degree of unification, as it can be used with various colters; however, the construction scheme does not provide satisfactory seed rolling. The tool considered in [5] is adapted to operate at considerable depths; however, it is not fitted with a rolling device and a cutting disk, which causes the formation of a significant furrow during sowing resulting in moisture loss.…”