The article considers the issue of substantiating the distributing working body parameters for a pneumatic grain seeder. Work on the subject matter is mainly experimental in nature and not sufficiently deeply worked out theoretically. Based on computer simulation, the article determines the most preferred layout of the distributor dividing head, establishes a rational form of the reference cone and the location of the outlet pipes. Based on the simulation of the movement of seed grain particles, the individual design parameters of the distributor dividing head are specified. The results of experimental studies are presented confirming the theoretical background.
The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the operating process of the seeder section for the no-till sowing machine. Based on the theoretical studies, the authors derived the dependences allowing one to obtain the motion trajectories of the seeder section elements with a parallelogram mechanism when following (gauging) the microrelief contour of the soil surface, taking into account its design parameters. The obtained theoretical trajectories were used as a basis for identifying rational parameters of the gauge wheel of the section. The results of the theoretical studies were confirmed experimentally by the laboratory experiments on a tillage bin, using the developed prototype of the seeder section when following artificial roughnesses. A comparison of the results of the theoretical and experimental studies demonstrated a sufficient degree of their convergence. The authors also established a regularity of the change in the uniformity of the coulter motion of the seeder section relative to the microrelief of the soil surface, depending on its position relative to the gauge wheel.
The paper presents the results of studying the tractive resistance of the combined sowing section for no-till technology-based seeding. The sowing section consists of a slotting disk, an anchor colter, and a press wheel. To ensure the stability of the colter motion, the section has a parallelogram suspension and a balancing wheel with an adjustable vertical force acting on it, depending on the soil resistivity and the tilling depth. The sowing section ensures that the seeds are sown at a given depth in a moistened soil layer according to the agrotechnical requirements. Based on the theoretical studies, an analytical dependence was obtained, which allows for determining the tractive resistance of individual tools and the sowing section, depending on the design and operating parameters. The paper presents the results of the experimental studies on the dynamometer testing of the sowing section in laboratory conditions. To this end, an analog-digital measuring and computing complex and a software suite were used for the experimental data's post-experimental processing. Experimental dependences of the tractive resistance of individual tools and the sowing section, in general, were obtained, confirming the theoretical studies' correctness. The nominal tractive force of tractors was approximately determined, and the results of laboratory-field and field experiments with the sowing complex were presented.
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