Multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method validation and its application to fifty-four wheat flours in Hungary

Varga, Emese; Fodor, Péter; Sörös, Csilla

doi:10.1080/19440049.2020.1862424

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Consequently, the detection of a single mycotoxin could be an indicator of the presence of multiple ones [46]. Some of the studies reported here showed no co-occurrence [189][190][191][192], while others noticed the presence of many mycotoxins in the same matrix [193,194]. Additionally, mycotoxins tend to be mostly present on the outer fractions of the grain kernels, mainly bran [195,196].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Mycotoxins In Wheat Flourmentioning

confidence: 62%

Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deligeorgakis,

Magro,

Skendi

et al. 2023

Foods

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Cereal grains serve as the cornerstone of global nutrition, providing a significant portion of humanity’s caloric requirements. However, the presence of fungal genera, such Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria, known for their mycotoxin-producing abilities, presents a significant threat to human health due to the adverse effects of these toxins. The primary objective of this study was to identify the predominant fungal contaminants in cereal grains utilized in breadmaking, as well as in flour and bread. Moreover, a systematic review, including meta-analysis, was conducted on the occurrence and levels of mycotoxins in wheat flour from the years 2013 to 2023. The genera most frequently reported were Fusarium, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Among the published reports, the majority focused on the analysis of Deoxynivalenol (DON), which garnered twice as many reports compared to those focusing on Aflatoxins, Zearalenone, and Ochratoxin A. The concentration of these toxins, in most cases determined by HPLC-MS/MS or HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (FLD), was occasionally observed to exceed the maximum limits established by national and/or international authorities. The prevalence of mycotoxins in flour samples from the European Union (EU) and China, as well as in foods intended for infants, exhibited a significant reduction compared to other commercial flours assessed by a meta-analysis investigation.

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Section: Occurrence Of Mycotoxins In Wheat Flourmentioning

confidence: 62%

Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deligeorgakis,

Magro,

Skendi

et al. 2023

Foods

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show abstract

“…In general, chemical analysis methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography (GC) have been used for mycotoxin analysis [ 5 , 6 ]. In addition, rapid analysis methods such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and biosensors have been developed and used [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Detection of Single- and Co-Contaminant Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Ground Maize Using Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques

Kim¹,

Baek

Lee

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Aflatoxins and fumonisins, commonly found in maize and maize-derived products, frequently co-occur and can cause dangerous illness in humans and animals if ingested in large amounts. Efforts are being made to develop suitable analytical methods for screening that can rapidly detect mycotoxins in order to prevent illness through early detection. A method for classifying contaminated maize by applying hyperspectral imaging techniques including reflectance in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions, and fluorescence was investigated. Machine learning classification models in combination with different preprocessing methods were applied to screen ground maize samples for naturally occurring aflatoxin and fumonisin as single contaminants and as co-contaminants. Partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel were employed as classification models using cut-off values of each mycotoxin. The classification performance of the SVM was better than that of PLS-DA, and the highest classification accuracies for fluorescence, VNIR, and SWIR were 89.1%, 71.7%, and 95.7%, respectively. SWIR imaging with the SVM model resulted in higher classification accuracies compared to the fluorescence and VNIR models, suggesting that as an alternative to conventional wet chemical methods, the hyperspectral SWIR imaging detection model may be the more effective and efficient analytical tool for mycotoxin analysis compared to fluorescence or VNIR imaging models. These methods represent a food safety screening tool capable of rapidly detecting mycotoxins in maize or other food ingredients consumed by animals or humans.

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“…Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, such as those belonging to the genera Claviceps , Aspergillus , Fusarium and Penicillium , and have been ranked as the most important chronic dietary risk factor, higher than synthetic contaminants, plant toxins, food additives or pesticide residues [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Fungal toxins pose harmful effects to human and animal health, such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive problems, immunosuppression and carcinogenicity [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Grains are the most susceptible crops to fungal contamination and mycotoxins, the main mycotoxins being aflatoxins (AFLs), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), fumonisin (FB), zearalenone (ZEN) and ergot alkaloids (EAs) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-House Validation of an Efficient and Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination and Monitoring of 23 Mycotoxins in Grains in Korea

Kim

Baek²,

Shin³

et al. 2022

Toxins

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A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins, including Ergot alkaloids (EAs), in 3 types of grains. The extraction of 23 mycotoxins was evaluated and performed by using a modified QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure. The proposed method was fully validated on spiked grain samples (barley, wheat and oat) to assess the linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), matrix effects, precision and recovery. After validation, this method was applied to 143 samples of various types of 3 grains from the Republic of Korea to survey the level of mycotoxin contamination in Republic of Korean grains. A total of 42 grain samples (29%) were contaminated with at least one of these mycotoxins at levels higher than the LOQ. The results demonstrated that the procedure was suitable for simultaneously determining these mycotoxins in cereals and could be performed for their routine analysis in mycotoxin laboratories.

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Multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method validation and its application to fifty-four wheat flours in Hungary

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rapid Detection of Single- and Co-Contaminant Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Ground Maize Using Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques

In-House Validation of an Efficient and Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination and Monitoring of 23 Mycotoxins in Grains in Korea

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