Multi-Media and Multi-Band Based Adaptation Layer Techniques for Underwater Sensor Networks

Abstract

In the last few decades, underwater communication systems have been widely used for the development of navy, military, business, and safety applications, etc. However, in underwater communication systems, there are several challenging issues, such as limitations in bandwidth, propagation delay, 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization, and power constraints. Underwater communication systems work under severe channel conditions such as ambient noise, frequency selectivity, multi-path and Doppler shifts. In order to collect and transmit the data in effective ways, multi-media/multi-band-based adaptation layer technology is proposed in this paper. The underwater communication scenario comprises of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), Surface gateways, sensor nodes, etc. The transmission of data starts from sensor nodes to surface gateway in a hierarchical manner through multiple channels. In order to provide strong and reliable communication underwater, the adaptation layer uses a multi-band/multi-media approach for transferring data. Hence, in this paper, existing techniques for splitting the band such as Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), or Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are used for splitting the frequency band, and the medium selection mechanism is proposed to carry the signal through different media such as Acoustic, Visible Light Communication (VLC), and Infrared (IR) signals in underwater. For the channel selection mechanism, two phases are involved: 1. Finding the distance of near and far nodes using Manhattan method, and 2. Medium selection and data transferring algorithm for choosing different media.Due to the constrained conditions underwater, communication systems face problems such as multi-path, frequency fading, doppler shifts, etc. Multi-band techniques can be used as an effective technique with respect to efficiency and throughput, and to increase the performance level. Multi-band can overcome the frequency fading problem by allotting the same information to several frequency-bands. Need of Multi-Media Communication Techniques UnderwaterIn order to get reliable communication underwater, multi-media techniques can be used. The network architecture of underwater communication includes an underwater area network, a surface area network, and a terrestrial area network. The underwater area network supports acoustic, optical, and MFAN communication; the terrestrial and surface area network consists of RF communication and the internal communication portal is TCP/UDP. In order to avoid interference and data loss, and to decrease the error rate and increase reliability, a four-in-one adaptable modem should be designed. So, different channels can be adapted in underwater communication systems. Thus, the communication system can be more effective and reliable. Also, multi-media communication systems can avoid collisions. Benefits of Multi-Media/Multi-Band Communication Techniques Underwater Acoustic Comm...

MuLSi-Co: Multilayer Sinks and Cooperation-Based Data Routing Techniques for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks (UA-WSNs)

“…In [33], a new mechanism is introduced called "multimedia-and multiband-based adaptation layer techniques" which deals with the bandwidth limitation, propagation delay, and power constraint problems in UA-WSNs. In this routing scheme, the information is collected and transmitted in an effective way.…”

An Efficient Cooperative Routing with ML based Energy Efficiency Model for Distributed Underwater WSN Electricity Meter Warning System

“…The authors transmit the data in two ways, such as a forwarded node and relay node, using maximal radio and received signal strength models. Yum et al, [6] developed a multi-media and multi-band-based strategy for routing. Manhattan distance has been used to find the closeness of the two methods.…”

Evaluation of the Transformation and Prospects of News Communication in the Era of Multimedia Network

“…Multimedia technology not only has the ability to be applied in online ISSN 2616-5775 Vol. [10]. Gao Y P also applied multimedia technology to evaluate the concentration of nanosilver [11].…”