Multi-material design in additive manufacturing—feasibility validation

Abstract

The present investigations on generative manufacturing using metallic materials pursue the idea of transferring the microscopic structural morphology of a dual-phase steel in modified form to the macroscopic level. The aim is to be able to join materials of different lattice modifications and to combine their positive properties. This applies in particular to the combination of high tensile strength and good formability. For this investigation, a specimen was created from a high-strength ferritic/martensitic (25%) and an austenitic (75%) material with a defined welding sequence. The specimen was deliberately manufactured anisotropically using welding layers in order to quantify its properties. Tensile tests were performed on specimens with different weld seam orientations to determine the direction-dependent properties. As can be proven by the results, the application of welding processes with different materials results in an anisotropic behaviour in generative manufacturing. With regard to tensile strength and elongation, there is an integral value of the mechanical-technological properties of both base materials. The existing anisotropy can be utilized with regard to the design by adapting the alignment of the weld layers to the load.

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing of a CoCrFeMoNiV Complex Concentrated Alloy Using Metal-Cored Wire—Process, Properties, and Wear Resistance

“…This process allows a large variety in geometries to be manufactured, including overhangs [15,16]. Furthermore, it can be used for a wide range of materials and also multi-material and functionally graded approaches [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In this case, the manufacturing process could have a significant impact on the properties of the materials that are summarized and shown in [13,26,27] and need to be considered for the prediction of the material properties.…”

Machining Strategy Determination for Single- and Multi-Material Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Thin-Walled Parts

“…Studies on WAAM are generally limited to single-material deposits and their surface properties. Few studies have been conducted on producing multi-material components, even though the demand for such products has increased [15][16][17][18][19]. However, studies are generally limited to examining the appropriate parameter selection [17,18] or basic structural integrity criteria [19] for multi-material deposition.…”

Effect of the Heat Input on Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing of Invar 36 Alloy: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

“…In previous literature, only GMAW-based WAAM process was studied for Invar manufacturing [17]. Finally, in some studies, Invar alloy is combined with structural steel thanks to the WAAM process to adapted locally the mechanical properties of the deposited material [18,19].…”