Multi-locus microsatellite analysis supports the hypothesis of an autochthonous focus of Echinococcus multilocularis in northern Italy

Casulli, Adriano; Bart, Jean-Mathieu; Knapp, Jenny; Rosa, G. La; Dusher, G; Gottstein, Bruno; Cerbo, Annarita Di; Manfredi, Maria Teresa; Genchi, C.; Piarroux, Renaud; Pozio, Edoardo

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.12.001

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, one of these mutations (411T/G) corresponded to N1 and N2 haplotypes from North America described by Nakao et al (2009) and to an older human isolate from Austria obtained upon hepatic surgery in 1981 (Gottstein, personal communication; genotyping of the isolate specifi ed in Šnábel et al, 2010). The peculiar genetic composition of E. multilocularis seen in some restricted foci of Europe as Trentino Alto Adige region (Casulli et al, 2005(Casulli et al, , 2009 and in the present isolate from Vaslui county, coupled with the discontinuous distribution of the parasite in recent Europe supports a hypothesis that the European clade has been derived from isolated populations in glacial refugia such as the Italian, Balkan and Iberian peninsulas (Taberlet et al, 1998). Given that the same nucleotide substitution was detected in the North American clade and the two European isolates from distinct sites (Austria, Romania), retention of the shared ancestral polymorphism due to incomplete lineage sorting seems to be plausible explanation for this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Molecular evidence for natural selection imposed on cox1 has not been indicated because the nucleotide differences present in the R5 isolate did not lead to amino acid substitutions. Generally, lower genetic diversity, including founder effects, was recorded in peripheral areas of the endemic zone of Europe in several recent studies (Šnábel et al, 2006;Bagrade et al, 2008;Casulli et al, 2009;Knapp et al, 2010). The molecular discrimination of the species and strains of Echinococcus granulosus s.l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Genetic survey of alveolar and cystic echinococcoses in Romania: first molecular evidence of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans in the country

et al. 2017

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SummaryCystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are considered as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Romania, where they are subject to mandatory reporting. To obtain more knowledge about the genetic diversity of Echinococcus causative agents of these diseases, 11 isolates from humans and ungulate intermediate hosts from the two regions of Romania were genotyped using mitochondrial markers. In clinical samples of fi ve patients from north-eastern Romania (Iasi, Botosani, Vaslui counties), Echinococcus multilocularis was identifi ed as causal agent by cox1 sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge this fi nding presents the fi rst molecular evidence of E. multilocularis in humans from Romania. Only two cases of AE in patients were previously documented in the country by serological methods. In our four patients the most widespread European variant E5 of E. multilocularis was recorded, whereas in isolate from Vaslui county three nucleotide substitutions were detected as compared to the most related E5 haplotype. One of these mutations (411T/G) matched N1 and N2 haplotypes described previously from North America. In six CE samples retrieved from western Romania (Caras-Severin and Timis counties), two human isolates were diagnosed as Echinococcus canadensis G7, one as E. granulosus s.s. G1 and one as E. granulosus s.s. G3 using atp6 and rrnS sequencing. In ungulates, the cattle isolate was allocated to E. granulosus s.s. G1 and pig isolate to E. canadensis G7. The two G7 fi ndings in humans reinforced the recent view that G7 was underestimated as compared to the E. granulosus s.s. regarding human CE threat that can be further employed for identifying sources of infections and establishing suitable preventive measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genetic survey of alveolar and cystic echinococcoses in Romania: first molecular evidence of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans in the country

et al. 2017

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“…A recent study conducted in the Alpine watershed in the north of Italy (Val Pusteria area) indicated that the Alpine natural barrier could isolate parasite populations, which progressively became genetically different [30]. In the case of the French Ardennes, this differentiation could not be explained by any geographical obstacle, because other clusters, such as the common G05 cluster, are also present in the Ardennes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of the Cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in Red Foxes at a Continental Scale in Europe

et al. 2009

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BackgroundAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe helminth disease affecting humans, which is caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. AE represents a serious public health issue in larger regions of China, Siberia, and other regions in Asia. In Europe, a significant increase in prevalence since the 1990s is not only affecting the historically documented endemic area north of the Alps but more recently also neighbouring regions previously not known to be endemic. The genetic diversity of the parasite population and respective distribution in Europe have now been investigated in view of generating a fine-tuned map of parasite variants occurring in Europe. This approach may serve as a model to study the parasite at a worldwide level.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe genetic diversity of E. multilocularis was assessed based upon the tandemly repeated microsatellite marker EmsB in association with matching fox host geographical positions. Our study demonstrated a higher genetic diversity in the endemic areas north of the Alps when compared to other areas.Conclusions/SignificanceThe study of the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis in Europe, based on 32 genetic clusters, suggests that Europe can be considered as a unique global focus of E. multilocularis, which can be schematically drawn as a central core located in Switzerland and Jura Swabe flanked by neighbouring regions where the parasite exhibits a lower genetic diversity. The transmission of the parasite into peripheral regions is governed by a “mainland–island” system. Moreover, the presence of similar genetic profiles in both zones indicated a founder event.

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“…First, E. multilocularis prevalence has increased in foxes within areas to which it is known to be endemic ( 5 ), seemingly linked with the increase of fox population densities in Germany and Switzerland ( 6 ). Second, the geographic distribution of E. multilocularis in foxes has extended toward southern, northern, and eastern countries where it had not previously been detected; the most recent are northern Italy ( 7 ); Svalbard, Norway ( 8 ); and Sweden in 2011 ( 9 ). Third, the geographic distribution of echinococcosis has extended toward Russia and neighboring countries ( 10 ), including the Baltic states.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Westward Spread ofEchinococcus multilocularisin Foxes, France, 2005–2010

Combes¹,

Comte²,

Raton³

et al. 2012

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Multi-locus microsatellite analysis supports the hypothesis of an autochthonous focus of Echinococcus multilocularis in northern Italy

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Genetic survey of alveolar and cystic echinococcoses in Romania: first molecular evidence of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans in the country

Genetic survey of alveolar and cystic echinococcoses in Romania: first molecular evidence of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans in the country

Genetic Diversity of the Cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in Red Foxes at a Continental Scale in Europe

Westward Spread ofEchinococcus multilocularisin Foxes, France, 2005–2010

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