Multi-layered piezoelectric bimorph actuator

Piezoelectric Inertia Motors—A Critical Review of History, Concepts, Design, Applications, and Perspectives

“…Different actuator designs can be used: axial actuators in monolithic (Figure 2e, [68,191]), stack ( Figure 2a, [26,28]) or multilayer design [26,149,192], axial actuators with transmission mechanism [192,193], shear actuators (Figure 2d, [30,90,153,155,157]), bending actuators of different types (Figure 2b,c, [24,27,28,105,194]), and other designs developed especially for use in inertia motors [195]. There is no general rule as to which type of piezoelectric actuator is most beneficial for inertia motors, as this depends on the particular application.…”

“…This contribution does not aim to provide a general review or classification of piezoelectric motors, as many authors have done so before, e.g., [8]; [9] (pp. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]; [10]; [11] (p. 32); [12] (p. 414); [13] (p. 5); [14]; [15] (p. 9); [16][17][18]. The proposed classification schemas differ, and none of them comprises all motor variants described in literature.…”

“…Some inertia motors from the literature, using different piezoelectric actuators and different mechanisms to generate normal force. (a) Fixed actuator motor with one linear axis using a piezoelectric stack actuator and a metal spring to generate normal force (Reprinted from [26] with permission from Wiley); (b) Fixed actuator motor with one linear axis using a piezoelectric bending actuator (two piezoelectric discs glued to a passive central disc) and a rubber spring to generate normal force (Reprinted from [27], Copyright 2006 The Japan Society of Applied Physics); (c) Moving actuator motor for linear movement inside pipes (cross-section), using three piezeoeletric bending actuators and flat metal springs to generate normal force (as described in [28,29]); (d) Fixed actuator spherical motor with three rotational axes using piezoelectric shear actuators and a magnet (M) to generate normal force (Reprinted from [30] with the permission of AIP Publishing); (e) Schematic (left) and prototype (right) of a fixed actuator motor for resonant operation with one rotational axis, using a monolithic piezoelectric actuator and a helical spring to generate normal force (Reprinted with permission from [31]). …”

Nonlinear modeling of piezoelectric layered beams

“…(9,10,(15)(16)(17)35, and 36), we obtain: where e m and c represent effective mass and damping coefficient, respectively, at the tip of the beam. These values can be easily derived experimentally or from the structure of the system.…”

“…Piezoelectric sensors and actuators are increasingly becoming popular for applications in smart structures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . The most common configuration for these devices is a layered beam consisting of piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric layers.…”