Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression

Salesa, Beatriz; Serrano‐Aroca, Ãngel

doi:10.3390/coatings11040414

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It can be activated by different substances, such as genoposidic acid [ 72 ], sinapic acid [ 73 ], or nicotinyl–isoleucine–valine–histidine [ 64 ]. However, other promising compounds such as graphene oxide, are not able to upregulate the SOD1 gene using non-cytotoxic concentrations [ 74 ]. In the present study, SOD1 was upregulated with extracellular Zn 2+ at the highest concentration (5 µg/mL), suggesting that non-cytotoxically extracellular Zn 2+ concentrations are able to induce an antioxidant effect in HaCaT keratocytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

Salesa

Serra

Serrano‐Aroca

2021

Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn2+) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3, 12 and 24 h. The results showed a time–concentration dependence with three non-cytotoxic concentrations (10, 5 and 1 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 13.5 µg/mL at a cell exposure to ZnCl2 of 24 h. However, the zinc treatment with 5 or 1 µg/mL had no effect on cell proliferation in HaCaT cells in relation to the control sample at 72 h. The effects of the Zn2+ treatment on the expression of several genes related to glycoprotein synthesis, oxidative stress, proliferation and differentiation were assessed at the two lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Out of 13 analyzed genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1), lumican (LUM), cadherin 1 (CDH1), collagen type IV alpha (COL4A1), fibrillin (FBN) and versican (VCAN)), Zn2+ was able to upregulate SOD1, CAT, TGFB1, GPX1, LUM, CDH1, FBN and VCAN, with relative expression levels of at least 1.9-fold with respect to controls. We found that ZnCl2 promoted glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression, thus confirming its great potential in biomedicine.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

Salesa

Serra

Serrano‐Aroca

2021

Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both nanocompounds showed a slightly statistically significant proliferative activity at 96 h of exposure time. A shorter exposure time (72 h) was not long enough to induce cell proliferation, as has been found for other nanomaterials such as GO [ 48 ]. CNFs at 10 μg/mL was not a high enough concentration to induce any proliferative effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The CNFs also increased the expression of the genes involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins such as cadherin 1 ( CDH1 ) and fibrillin ( FBN ), which are essential in the morphogenesis and development of normal tissue by connecting cells with each other [ 56 , 57 ]. The COL4A1 gene, which is abundant in the dermis, and the MMP1 gene, which is involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, were also up-regulated after exposure of keratinocytes to CNFs for 24 h. The up-regulation of four of these eight genes ( FN1, TGFB1, CAT and CDH1 ) has also been observed in other CBNs such as multilayer GO [ 48 ]. However, the increase of the expression of the GPX1 gene was not observed in multilayer GO, probably due to the low non-cytotoxic concentration used (0.05 μg/mL) in that study because, as was found in the present study, this increase was only found at a much higher CNF concentration (40 μg/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent physical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are antimicrobial metallic nanomaterials already used in a broad range of industrial applications. In the present study these two nanomaterials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering, and their biological properties were compared in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and gene expression in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The results showed that both AgNPs and CNFs present similar time-dependent cytotoxicity (EC50 of 608.1 µg/mL for CNFs and 581.9 µg/mL for AgNPs at 24 h) and similar proliferative HaCaT cell activity. However, both nanomaterials showed very different results in the expression of thirteen genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1), lumican (LUM), cadherin 1 CDH1, collagen type IV alpha (COL4A1), fibrillin (FBN), and versican (VCAN)) treated with the lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations in the HaCaT cells after 24 h. The AgNPs were capable of up-regulating only two genes (SOD1 and MMP1) while the CNFs were very effective in up-regulating eight genes (FN1, MMP1, CAT, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN, GPX1, and TGFB1) involved in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and maintaining and repairing tissues by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, growth, morphogenesis, and tissue development. These results demonstrate CNF nanomaterials’ unique great potential in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and wound healing.

show abstract

“…The GO affects cell proliferation, particularly osteogenic types [ 277 ], but has not shown toxic properties [ 288 ]. According to Salesa et al [ 289 ] is essential to notice that toxicological differences between single-layer GO and multilayer GO may be observed and represent an important aspect.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and its derivatives: understanding the main chemical and medicinal chemistry roles for biomedical applications

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphic abstract Over the past few years, there has been a growing potential use of graphene and its derivatives in several biomedical areas, such as drug delivery systems, biosensors, and imaging systems, especially for having excellent optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Therefore, nanomaterials in the graphene family have shown promising results in several areas of science. The different physicochemical properties of graphene and its derivatives guide its biocompatibility and toxicity. Hence, further studies to explain the interactions of these nanomaterials with biological systems are fundamental. This review has shown the applicability of the graphene family in several biomedical modalities, with particular attention for cancer therapy and diagnosis, as a potent theranostic. This ability is derivative from the considerable number of forms that the graphene family can assume. The graphene-based materials biodistribution profile, clearance, toxicity, and cytotoxicity, interacting with biological systems, are discussed here, focusing on its synthesis methodology, physicochemical properties, and production quality. Despite the growing increase in the bioavailability and toxicity studies of graphene and its derivatives, there is still much to be unveiled to develop safe and effective formulations.

show abstract

Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression

Graphene and its derivatives: understanding the main chemical and medicinal chemistry roles for biomedical applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About