Multi-frequency observations of seawater carbonate chemistry on the central coast of the western Antarctic Peninsula

Schram, Julie B.; Schoenrock, Kathryn M.; McClintock, James B.; Amsler, Charles D.; Angus, Robert A.

doi:10.3402/polar.v34.25582

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…; Smale & Barnes, ). Predictions also suggest that other parameters of importance for marine life, such as chlorophyll a concentrations, should significantly vary in the future (Schram, Schoenrock, McClintock, Amsler, & Angus, 2015a,b; Turner et al., ). Based on the available abiotic and biotic data, the present results suggest that the impact of these future changes on benthic organisms will have no equivalent in comparison with what happened in the past century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes

Guillaumot

Fabri‐Ruiz

Martin

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Marine life of the Southern Ocean has been facing environmental changes and the direct impact of human activities during the past decades. Benthic communities have particularly been affected by such changes although we only slowly understand the effect of environmental changes on species physiology, biogeography, and distribution. Species distribution models (SDM) can help explore species geographic responses to main environmental changes. In this work, we modeled the distribution of four echinoid species with contrasting ecological niches. Models developed for [2005–2012] were projected to different time periods, and the magnitude of distribution range shifts was assessed for recent‐past conditions [1955–1974] and for the future, under scenario RCP 8.5 for [2050–2099]. Our results suggest that species distribution shifts are expected to be more important in a near future compared to the past. The geographic response of species may vary between poleward shift, latitudinal reduction, and local extinction. Species with broad ecological niches and not limited by biogeographic barriers would be the least affected by environmental changes, in contrast to endemic species, restricted to coastal areas, which are predicted to be more sensitive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes

Guillaumot

Fabri‐Ruiz

Martin

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Interestingly, low pH had a positive effect on size of O. validus , consistent with previous observations on the species (Gonzalez‐Bernat et al ., ). The robustness in O. validus may be related to the seasonally low ambient pH that the species' larvae experience during the winter spawning season across much of Antarctica (Kapsenberg et al ., ; Schram et al ., ). For example, in McMurdo Sound, where our animals were collected, Kapsenberg et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in McMurdo Sound, where our animals were collected, Kapsenberg et al (2015) reported average seawater pH as low as pH (T) 7.93 to 7.94 during May and June. O. validus populations on coastal Antarctic Peninsula also likely experience low pH levels during winter spawning, with Schram et al (2015) reporting pH during winter months of pH (T) 8.0. This response, however, was not observed in S. neumayeri, which spawns in spring when pH levels increase, and has been measured at pH (T) 8.24 in McMurdo Sound (McNeil et al, 2010;Kapsenberg et al, 2015) and pH as high as pH (T) 8.62 along the Antarctic Peninsula (Schram et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification has little effect on developmental thermal windows of echinoderms from Antarctica to the tropics

Karelitz

Uthicke

Foo

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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As the ocean warms, thermal tolerance of developmental stages may be a key driver of changes in the geographical distributions and abundance of marine invertebrates. Additional stressors such as ocean acidification may influence developmental thermal windows and are therefore important considerations for predicting distributions of species under climate change scenarios. The effects of reduced seawater pH on the thermal windows of fertilization, embryology and larval morphology were examined using five echinoderm species: two polar (Sterechinus neumayeri and Odontaster validus), two temperate (Fellaster zelandiae and Patiriella regularis) and one tropical (Arachnoides placenta). Responses were examined across 12-13 temperatures ranging from -1.1 °C to 5.7 °C (S. neumayeri), -0.5 °C to 10.7 °C (O. validus), 5.8 °C to 27 °C (F. zelandiae), 6.0 °C to 27.1 °C (P. regularis) and 13.9 °C to 34.8 °C (A. placenta) under present-day and near-future (2100+) ocean acidification conditions (-0.3 pH units) and for three important early developmental stages 1) fertilization, 2) embryo (prehatching) and 3) larval development. Thermal windows for fertilization were broad and were not influenced by a pH decrease. Embryological development was less thermotolerant. For O. validus, P. regularis and A. placenta, low pH reduced normal development, albeit with no effect on thermal windows. Larval development in all five species was affected by both temperature and pH; however, thermal tolerance was not reduced by pH. Results of this study suggest that in terms of fertilization and development, temperature will remain as the most important factor influencing species' latitudinal distributions as the ocean continues to warm and decrease in pH, and that there is little evidence of a synergistic effect of temperature and ocean acidification on the thermal control of species ranges.

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“…Ambient temperature and pH levels (1.5°C and pH 8.0) were selected based on annual ambient seawater temperature and pH conditions measured at Palmer Station on the WAP (Schram et al 2015b). Near-future temperature and pH levels were selected based on estimates predicted to occur by 2100 (IPCC 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean warming and acidification alter Antarctic macroalgal biochemical composition but not amphipod grazer feeding preferences

Schram¹,

Schoenrock²,

McClintock³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Increased anthropogenic atmospheric CO 2 concentrations have resulted in ocean warming and alterations in ocean carbonate chemistry, decreasing seawater pH (ocean acidification). The combination of ocean warming and acidification (OWA) may alter trophic interactions in marine benthic communities along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Abundant and diverse macroalgae-grazer assemblages, dominated by macroalgae (e.g. chemically defended Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii) and gammarid amphipods (e.g. Gondogeneia antarctica), occur on the nearshore benthos along the WAP. In the present study, the amphipod G. antarctica and macroalgae D. anceps and D. menziesii were exposed for 39 and 79 d, respectively, to combinations of current and predicted near-future temperature (1.5 and 3.5°C, respectively) and pH (8.0 and 7.6, respectively). Protein and lipid levels of macroalgal tissues were quantified, and 5-way choice amphipod feeding assays were performed with lyophilized macroalgal tissues collected at time zero and following exposure to the 4 temperature-pH treatments. For D. anceps, we found a significant interactive temperature-pH effect on lipid levels and significantly lower protein levels at reduced pH. In contrast, tissues of D. menziesii exhibited significantly greater lipid levels after exposure to reduced pH, but there was no temperature effect on lipid or protein levels. Despite shifts in macroalgal biochemical composition, there were no changes in amphipod feeding preferences. Our results indicate that despite altered macroalgal nutritional quality under OWA, both macroalgae retained their ability to deter amphipod feeding. This deterrent capacity could become an important contributor to net community resistance of macroalgae−mesograzer assemblages of the WAP to predicted OWA.

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Multi-frequency observations of seawater carbonate chemistry on the central coast of the western Antarctic Peninsula

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes

Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes

Ocean acidification has little effect on developmental thermal windows of echinoderms from Antarctica to the tropics

Ocean warming and acidification alter Antarctic macroalgal biochemical composition but not amphipod grazer feeding preferences

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