Multi foci with diffraction limited resolution

Waller, Erik H.; Freymann, Georg von

doi:10.1364/oe.21.021708

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[ 59,[69][70][71][72] Structures for micro-optical [ 71,72 ] (Figure 2 f) and biological [ 69 ] applications have been fabricated in parallel or using single-shot exposure. A number of groups have used SLMs to focus the incident energy to a multitude of foci.…”

Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional μ‐Printing: An Enabling Technology

Hohmann

Renner

Waller

et al. 2015

Advanced Optical Materials

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152

102

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functional elements, chiral photonic crystals, photonic metamaterials and quasicrystals. With this technology becoming commercially available, [ 1 ] many novel ideas have been realized by scientists around the world. Some of these developments can already be seen as new research areas enabled by 3D µ-printing.Many excellent reviews of the underlying technology have recently been published, and we give here just a short selection. [2][3][4][5] With the present progress report we want to summarize the tremendous technological development during the last fi ve years as well as to give an overview over some vastly growing research fi elds enabled by this development. As the number of research papers based on 3D µ-printing as enabling technology is exploding, we intend to categorize the most recent developments to identify future research directions and possible novel fi elds for the years to come. Recent Technological Advances in 3D µ-PrintingFrom the fi rst proof-of-principle in 1997, [ 6 ] the µ-printing community has continuously been expanding the structuring capabilities of µ-printing systems overcoming limitations such as structuring speed, sample volume, complicated pre and post processing, as well as minimum feature size and resolution. Progress is made along two directions: First, extending the aforementioned benchmarks of µ-printing systems. Second, techniques that move µ-printed structures towards functional devices. These two directions obviously are intertwined and require interdisciplinary research efforts on new photocurable materials, complex light-matter interaction, reaction kinetics as well as processes on a molecular level infl uencing structure formation. The most infl uential technological advances are summarized in this section.Section 2.1. covers recent work leading to a tremendous increase of the capabilities of µ-printing systems. Section 2.2. describes superresolution concepts exploiting light-matter interactions to achieve smaller feature sizes and higher structural resolution. Section 2.3. reviews spatial light modulator (SLM) based laser lithography providing additional degrees of freedom by shaping the wavefront of the laser beam. Laser Sources, Scanning Devices, and Writing GeometryThe high complexity of ultrafast fs-lasers drives the community to look for alternative laser sources, leading to cost and In this progress report the development of three-dimensional µ-printing and its impact as an enabling technology onto different scientifi c fi elds is reviewed. Driven by direct laser writing via two-photon absorption, the technology has reached a level of maturity and ease of application such that 3D printing on the micrometer scale can now be considered. While the underlying technology is still developing towards higher resolution and increasing speed of fabrication, the last fi ve years have seen new fi elds rising that were obviously enabled by 3D µ-printing. Among the recent technological developments discussed in this progress report are the fi elds of super-resolution lithography ...

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Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional μ‐Printing: An Enabling Technology

Hohmann

Renner

Waller

et al. 2015

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

152

102

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“…Secondly, the non-ideality of the optical system has to be considered. The high numerical aperture objective introduces aberrations when multiple beams are focused and it further deteriorates the intensity uniformity [25]. The aberrations in high NA objectives can be mitigated by improvement of hologram generation algorithm.…”

Section: Micro-optical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aberrations in high NA objectives can be mitigated by improvement of hologram generation algorithm. Depolarization effect and vectorial nature of high NA objective should be taken into consideration when multispots are generated [21,25].…”

Section: Micro-optical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel direct laser writing of micro-optical and photonic structures using spatial light modulator

Yang

El-Tamer

Hinze

et al. 2015

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

113

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“…The resulting intensity pattern consists of spots, which are iteratively balanced in their intensity by a variation of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (ref. 36). The experimental feedback is provided by a CCD camera (Thorlabs DCU224M) that measures the intensities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optically reconfigurable magnetic materials

et al. 2015

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Structuring of materials is the most general approach for controlling waves in solids. As spin waves-eigen-excitations of the electrons' spin system-are free from Joule heating, they are of interest for a range of applications, such as processing 1-5 , filtering 6-8 and short-time data storage 9 . Whereas all these applications rely on predefined constant structures, a dynamic variation of the structures would provide additional, novel applications. Here, we present an approach for producing fully tunable, two-dimensionally structured magnetic materials. Using a laser, we create thermal landscapes in a magnetic medium that result in modulations of the saturation magnetization and in the control of spin-wave characteristics. This method is demonstrated by the realization of fully reconfigurable oneand two-dimensional magnonic crystals-artificial periodic magnetic lattices.There are two general approaches in designing the properties of a material: changing its chemical composition and structuring. Structuring has been used to control mechanical 10 , optical 11 , and even magnetic properties 12,13 . Periodic variation of the magnetic material's parameters allows the realization of magnonic crystals with novel properties not found in the unstructured material. For example, the dispersion relation of spin waves can be controlled to achieve new schemes for spin-wave-based computing [1][2][3][4][5][14][15][16][17] . The spin-wave dispersion relation depends on many parameters, such as the geometry of the spin-wave waveguide (film thickness and waveguide width), external magnetic field H ext , and saturation magnetization M S . In fact, all of these parameters have already been used to fabricate magnonic crystals [6][7][8]12,13,[18][19][20] : arrays of metallic stripes, etched grooves or antidots, biasing magnetic field or periodic variation of the saturation magnetization using ion implantation.However, all available methods for the fabrication of such spintronic devices result in spatially constant magnetic materials. J. Topp et al. have shown that the parameters of magnetic materials can be changed locally after the rather time-consuming fabrication of the spintronic device 21 -but the functionality of the device stays the same. Here, we present an alternative method for structuring and use it for the manipulation of spin waves-namely fully tunable light patterns (computer-generated holograms), in which optically induced thermal patterns/landscapes modify the spinwave dispersion relation and, hence, the propagation. Thus, the proposed optically reconfigurable magnetic material allows the functionality of a magnetic element to be tuned on demand; the same element can be used as a conduit, a logic gate or a data buffering element.The set-up used for the realization of the light patterns consists of a continuous wave laser as light source, an acousto-optical modulator for temporal intensity control, and a spatial light modulator for spatial intensity control (see Fig. 1a). To study the influence of the thermal gradient ...

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Multi foci with diffraction limited resolution

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Three‐Dimensional μ‐Printing: An Enabling Technology

Three‐Dimensional μ‐Printing: An Enabling Technology

Parallel direct laser writing of micro-optical and photonic structures using spatial light modulator

Optically reconfigurable magnetic materials

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