Multi-environment probability density function method for modelling turbulent combustion using realistic chemical kinetics

Direct Quadrature Conditional Moment Closure for Modelling of Turbulent Combustion

“…When the number of variables is large, this can be handled by the use of tabulation procedures such as ISAT [15]. This approach is chosen by Tang et al for a multi-species chemical scheme containing 18 species [16]. Such sequential modular procedures are complicated to implement in commercial CFD tools.…”

Development and application of the drop number size moment modelling to spray combustion simulations

“…Practically, it is extremely difficult to presume the shape of a joint PDF depending on more than two variables and the complexity of problem is also multiplied as the number of involved species increases. Hence, this approach can be employed successfully with the lower hydrocarbon fuels using a Monte-Carlo solving schemes [19,20]. Based on conditional moment closure, a computationally simpler approach is to solve transport equations for reactive species mass fractions which are conditionally averaged on a conserved scalar.…”

Application of spray combustion simulation in DI diesel engine

“…Recently, the development and application of mathematical models for spray combustion in engines have been increasingly attractive to researchers [1][2][3] because these useful techniques offer fairly cheap and reliable results to describe and predict the phenomena of spray combustion. They can provide the output every single variable of a problem at any position in physical space and at any time during the process, while the experiments cannot give the complete set of information due to the following reasons.…”