Multi-disciplinary constrained optimization of wind turbines

Bottasso, Carlo L.; Campagnolo, Filippo; Croce, Alessandro

doi:10.1007/s11044-011-9271-x

Cited by 110 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Readers interested in the mathematical formulation of Cp-Lambda can refer to Bauchau et al (2003), Bottasso et al (2006), Bauchau et al (2009), andBauchau (2011), while wind turbine applications of the code can be found among others in Bottasso et al (2011Bottasso et al ( , 2015.…”

Section: Aeroservoelastic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The code was first implemented as an aerodynamic optimization tool for blade chord and twist distributions aiming at a maximization of the annual energy production (AEP) for a given wind turbine macro-configuration. The procedures soon also included a purely structural optimization package for the blade (Bottasso et al, 2011), whose merit figure was the minimization of rotor mass. This was achieved by coupling Cp-Lambda with the finite element cross sectional analysis code ANBA (ANisotropic Beam Analysis), implementing the theory of Giavotto et al (1983).…”

Section: Wind Turbine Design Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall architecture of the resulting multi-level combined preliminary-detailed design procedures, as more precisely described later on in the following pages and in Bottasso et al (2011Bottasso et al ( , 2014aBottasso et al ( , 2015, is shown in Fig. 1 The rest of this discussion is organized as follows.…”

Section: Wind Turbine Design Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural optimization procedure, described in detail in Bottasso et al (2011), is a more complex and computationally expensive loop that aims at identifying the set of parameters p * s , which describe blade and tower structure at frozen rotor shape, associated with the minimum initial capital cost ICC * . p s is a vector containing the thickness of the structural components at selected stations along the blades, such as spar caps, skin, shear webs and reinforcements; for the tower, this vector contains the outer diameters and wall thicknesses at selected stations along its height.…”

Section: Structural Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrated tools appeared later, leading to the development of the packages FOCUS from the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) (Duineveld, 2008), HAWTOPT from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) (Døssing, 2011) and WISDEM from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories in the USA (Dykes et al, 2014). In parallel, the multi-disciplinary research code Cp-Max (Code for Performance Maximization) was developed integrating a high-fidelity aeroelastic simulator together with optimization algorithms, here again evolving from a mostly structural sizing code to a more comprehensive optimization environment (Bottasso et al, 2011(Bottasso et al, , 2013(Bottasso et al, , 2015. More recently, other studies followed a multi-level approach to wind turbine design, but with the same focus of achieving a CoE reduction (Maki et al, 2012;Ashuri et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined preliminary–detailed design of wind turbines

Bortolotti¹,

Bottasso

Croce

2016

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper is concerned with the holistic optimization of wind turbines. A multi-disciplinary optimization procedure is presented that marries the overall sizing of the machine in terms of rotor diameter and tower height (often termed "preliminary design") with the detailed sizing of its aerodynamic and structural components. The proposed combined preliminary-detailed approach sizes the overall machine while taking into full account the subtle and complicated couplings that arise due to the mutual effects of aerodynamic and structural choices. Since controls play a central role in dictating performance and loads, control laws are also updated accordingly during optimization. As part of the approach, rotor and tower are sized simultaneously, even in this case capturing the mutual effects of one component over the other due to the tip clearance constraint. The procedure, here driven by detailed models of the cost of energy, results in a complete aero-structural design of the machine, including its associated control laws.The proposed methods are tested on the redesign of two wind turbines, a 2.2 MW onshore machine and a large 10 MW offshore one. In both cases, the optimization leads to significant changes with respect to the initial baseline configurations, with noticeable reductions in the cost of energy. The novel procedures are also exercised on the design of low-induction rotors for both considered wind turbines, showing that they are typically not competitive with conventional high-efficiency rotors.

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Section: Aeroservoelastic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Turbine Design Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Turbine Design Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Combined preliminary–detailed design of wind turbines

Bortolotti¹,

Bottasso

Croce

2016

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Dynamic characteristics and enhanced performance of a novel wind turbine rotor analyzed via experiments and numerical simulation

Zhang

Lei

2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe enormous demand for large wind turbine rotors has led to a need to develop high-performance and reliable wind turbine rotors. The flexibility of the huge blade was a challenge in creating a balanced design with regard to dynamic behavior, mass, and power output. To enhance the wind turbine rotor, a newly designed wind turbine system with a supporting rod and damper was proposed and investigated. A scaled blade was experimentally tested, with the results indicating an increase in both frequency and damping of the system. Through the use of a self-coded numerical model, the correlations between the design constraints and the dynamic behavior, tip displacement, and additional mass of the rotor were demonstrated. This showed that the novel rotor has some preferable characteristics in both static and dynamic aspects. In particular, this blade is stiffer and has a smaller tip displacement compared with a traditional cantilevered blade. These characteristics enabled the effective application of the novel rotor to a 5-MW wind turbine to achieve a 15.16% power output increase based on the blade element momentum theory with Prandtl correction, as well as 5.1% mass savings.

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Nonlinear model predictive control of wind turbines using LIDAR

2012

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LIDAR systems are able to provide preview information of wind disturbances at various distances in front of wind turbines. This technology paves the way for new control concepts in wind energy such as feedforward control and model predictive control. This paper compares a nonlinear model predictive controller with a baseline controller, showing the advantages of using the wind predictions in the optimization problem to reduce wind turbine extreme and fatigue loads on tower and blades as well as to limit the pitch rates. The wind information is obtained by a detailed simulation of a LIDAR system. The controller design is evaluated and tested in a simulation environment with coherent gusts and a set of turbulent wind fields using a detailed aeroelastic model of the wind turbine over the full operation region. Results show promising load reduction up to 50% for extreme gusts and 30% for lifetime fatigue loads without negative impact on overall energy production. This controller can be considered as an upper bound for other LIDAR assisted controllers that are more suited for real time applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Multi-disciplinary constrained optimization of wind turbines

Cited by 110 publications

References 13 publications

Combined preliminary–detailed design of wind turbines

Combined preliminary–detailed design of wind turbines

Dynamic characteristics and enhanced performance of a novel wind turbine rotor analyzed via experiments and numerical simulation

Nonlinear model predictive control of wind turbines using LIDAR

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