Multi-directional chromosome painting maps homologies between species belonging to three genera of New World monkeys and humans

Abstract

We mapped chromosomal homologies in two species of Chiropotes (Pitheciini, Saki Monkeys) and one species of Aotus (Aotinae, Owl Monkey) by multi-directional chromosome painting. Human chromosome probes were hybridized to Chiropotes utahicki, C. israelita and Aotus nancymae metaphases. Wooly Monkey chromosome paints were also hybridized to Owl Monkey metaphases. We established Owl Monkey chromosome paint probes by flow sorting and reciprocally hybridized them to human chromosomes. The karyotypes of the Bearded Saki Monkeys studied here are close to the hypothesized ancestral platyrrhine karytoype, while that of the Owl Monkey appears to be highly derived. The A. nancymae karyotype is highly shuffled and only three human syntenic groups were found conserved coexisting with 17 derived human homologous associations. A minimum of 14 fissions and 13 fusions would be required to derive the A. nancymae karyotype from that of the ancestral New World primate karyotype. An inversion between homologs to segments of human 10 and 16 suggests a link between Callicebus and Chiropotes, while the syntenic association of 10/11 found in Aotus and Callicebus suggests a link between these two genera. Future molecular cytogenetic work will be needed to determine whether these rearrangements represent synapomorphic chromosomal traits.

Neotropical primate evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction using chromosomal data

“…Human chromosome probes hybridized to Chiropotes utahicki and C. israelita gave the same pattern of hybridization, and comparison with the ancestral hypothetical platyrrhine karyotype indicates the Chiropotes karyotype is very conserved (Stanyon et al 2004). Classical and molecular cytogenetics have also been applied to Pithecia irrorata (2n = 48) and Cacajao calvus rubicundus (2n = 45 in males, 2n = 46 in females) using human and Saguinus oedipus whole chromosome probes (Finotelo et al 2010).…”

Chromosome Painting in Two Genera of South American Monkeys: Species Identification, Conservation, and Management

“…Over the last decade, chromosome painting has mapped the homology between many platyrrhine species and permitted reliable hypotheses about the content of the karyotype of the last common ancestor of the New World monkeys [Consigliere et al, 1996;Richard et al, 1996;Sherlock et al, 1996;Consigliere et al, 1998;Stanyon et al, 2000;Neusser et al, 2001;Stanyon et al, 2001;de Oliveira et al, 2002;Barros et al, 2003;Stanyon et al, 2003;Stanyon et al, 2004;de Oliveira et al, 2005].…”

Exploring Evolution in Ceboidea (Platyrrhini, Primates) by Williams-Beuren Probe (HSA 7q11.23) Chromosome Mapping

“…Chromosome nomenclature and numbering were in accordance with other publications [de Silva et al, 1999;Neusser et al, 2001;Stanyon et al, 2004].…”

“…The smaller part of the chromosome 7 synteny is homologous to 3 distinct regions of human chromosome 7: 7p22-qter, 7q11.1-11.23 and 7q22.2 [Stanyon et al, 2004]. Band 7q11.23 contains the Willams-Beuren syndrome locus (WS), and the WS probe derives its name from a HSA 7q11.23 deletion-related syndrome in humans.…”