Exploring Evolution in Ceboidea (Platyrrhini, Primates) by Williams-Beuren Probe (HSA 7q11.23) Chromosome Mapping

Abstract

The ancestral platyrrhine karyotype was characterised by a syntenic association of human 5 and a small segment of human 7 orthologues. This large syntenic association has undergone numerous rearrangements in various phylogenetic lines. We used a locus-specific molecular cytogenetic approach to study the chromosomal evolution of the human 7q11.23 orthologous sequences (William-Beuren syndrome, WS) in various Ceboidea (Platyrrhini) species. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation of the WS probe revealed a two-way pattern of chromosomal organisation that suggests various evolutionary scenarios. The first pattern (seen in Callimico and Saimiri) includes a fairly simple disruption of the 7/5 syntenic association by a chromosome fission. The second pattern (seen in Atelinae, Alouattinae and in Callicebus) is characterised by an increasing complexity in the 7/5 association as a consequence of a series of inversions and translocations resulting in different syntenic associations. These data support recent proposals for phylogenomic groupings of New World monkeys. The study also illustrates how single-locus probe hybridisations can reveal intrachromosomal rearrangements.

Comparative Cytogenetics Allows the Reconstruction of Human Chromosome History: The Case of Human Chromosome 13

“…Banding allows us to first evaluate rearrangements between species; the mapping of whole chromosomes through the chromosomal painting approach allows researchers to better define rearrangements at the molecular level, such as Robertsonian ones and breakpoints. At a finer level, the use of DNA cloned inside vectors such as yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) or BAC, used as mapping probes, permits the evaluation of chromosomal dynamics [5,6], defining marker orders and intrachromosome rearrangements. Moreover, the use of specific loci or repetitive probes permits the localization of specific sequences, such as repetitive ones, which are often supposed to be responsible for the plasticity of chromosomes [7][8][9][10] and human genes involved in cancers [11].…”

The evolutionary history of HSA7/16 synteny in vertebrates: a critical interpretation of comparative cytogenetic and genome sequence data

“…Catarrhini are characterized by a genomic enrichment by duplications and different inversions Picone et al 2008), showing that reconstruction of ancestrals can be complicated. Synteny 7 is entire in the great majority of species, but our reconstruction brings to light some interesting results.…”

Evolution of the Human Chromosome 13 Synteny: Evolutionary Rearrangements, Plasticity, Human Disease Genes and Cancer Breakpoints

“…Comparative chromosome banding, followed by the advent of mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), whole Chromosome Painting (CP) and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) probes, have been used to detect chromosomal homologies, rearrangements and breakpoints among many mammalian species, defining major pathways of chromosome evolution in the class [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Indeed, these data are then analysed using cladistics and parsimony in order to define ancestral chromosomal syntenies as well as derived ones [2].…”

“…The analysis of these data regarding a single chromosome permits researchers to track each inter-chromosomal change involving the human chromosome under study. In yet another approach, human DNA sequences cloned inside vectors such as BACs are used as a mapping probe hybridised onto metaphases of target species, at a finer level, permitting the detection of fine chromosomal dynamics; these latter chromosome changes consist of small intra and inter-chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions, Evolutionary New Centromeres (ENC; new centromeres arise without the occurrence of inversions, maintaining the marker order) and duplications [3] which are not detectable by painting [5,6]. Animal BACs can be purchased from de Jong P. at the BAC/PAC Resource Centre (BPRC).…”