Multi-cycle operation of semi-batch reverse osmosis (SBRO) desalination

Lee, Tae; Rahardianto, Anditya; Cohen, Yoram

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.05.015

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a batch system, no permeate is produced during the flush and recharge phases, so the average flux is lower than its operating flux (the flux during permeate production) [16]. As reported previously [5,17,18], we find that batch RO systems will operate at a salinity higher than the intake salinity due to salt retention. Previous studies have compared batch RO and continuous RO energy consumption without considering these specific inefficiencies [10,11].…”

Section: Outcomes Of Present Worksupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This means that batch RO energy consumption will generally be higher than previously expected. Although not quantified in this study, we note that other time-variant RO processes (semi-batch or closed circuit RO [18] and pulse-flow RO) will also be susceptible to salt retention. Future studies on batch RO and other time-variant processes must take into account the feed salinity elevation when estimating energy consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Impact of salt retention on true batch reverse osmosis energy consumption: Experiments and model validation

Wei

Tucker

et al. 2020

Desalination

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In theory, the batch reverse osmosis (RO) process achieves the lowest practical energy consumption by varying pressure over time. However, few batch RO systems have been built and operated. We have designed, built, and operated the first "true" batch RO prototype using a flexible bladder. The flexible bladder serves as the high-pressure variable-volume tank that is inherent to true batch RO designs (as opposed to batch RO with energy recovery devices). We experimentally validated a model of batch RO energy consumption (≤ 2.7% difference) by measuring the hydraulic work of the high pressure and circulation pumps. We find that batch RO energy consumption will be greater than expected mostly due to salt retention, a problem neglected by most previous studies. However, despite operating at elevated salinity and flux conditions, batch RO can still save energy relative to single-stage and multi-stage continuous systems. For a seawater desalination plant (35 g/kg intake, 50% recovery, 15 L m −2 h −1), our newly-validated model predicts that batch RO would save 11% energy compared to a single-stage continuous RO plant. Our work demonstrates that batch RO is an energy-efficient process with the potential to reduce the cost of water desalination.

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Section: Outcomes Of Present Worksupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of salt retention on true batch reverse osmosis energy consumption: Experiments and model validation

Wei

Tucker

et al. 2020

Desalination

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“…Lin et al, [ 43 ] indicated that CCD consumed more energy than single-stage RO and less energy than multi-stage RO. However, the theoretical and experimental study conducted by Lee et al, [ 44 ] showed that incomplete concentrate flushing would increase the specific energy consumption (SEC) of CCD. Higher salinity accumulation in the system can lead to the need for a higher pressure to balance osmotic pressure.…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smooth, hydrophilic, and charged surfaces improve antifouling properties and reinforce chlorine resistance [ 48 , 72 ]. Functionalizing the membrane active layer can improve water permeability without significant effects on NaCl rejection [ 45 , 47 , 58 ], while mitigating biofouling [ 39 , 42 , 44 ], enhancing membrane anti-bacterial properties [ 46 , 63 , 72 ], and improving chlorine resistance [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

et al. 2021

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Climate change, population growth, and increased industrial activities are exacerbating freshwater scarcity and leading to increased interest in desalination of saline water. Brackish water is an attractive alternative to freshwater due to its low salinity and widespread availability in many water-scarce areas. However, partial or total desalination of brackish water is essential to reach the water quality requirements for a variety of applications. Selection of appropriate technology requires knowledge and understanding of the operational principles, capabilities, and limitations of the available desalination processes. Proper combination of feedwater technology improves the energy efficiency of desalination. In this article, we focus on pressure-driven and electro-driven membrane desalination processes. We review the principles, as well as challenges and recent improvements for reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). RO is the dominant membrane process for large-scale desalination of brackish water with higher salinity, while ED and MCDI are energy-efficient for lower salinity ranges. Selective removal of multivalent components makes NF an excellent option for water softening. Brackish water desalination with membrane processes faces a series of challenges. Membrane fouling and scaling are the common issues associated with these processes, resulting in a reduction in their water recovery and energy efficiency. To overcome such adverse effects, many efforts have been dedicated toward development of pre-treatment steps, surface modification of membranes, use of anti-scalant, and modification of operational conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches depends on the fouling propensity of the feed water. In addition to the fouling and scaling, each process may face other challenges depending on their state of development and maturity. This review provides recent advances in the material, architecture, and operation of these processes that can assist in the selection and design of technologies for particular applications. The active research directions to improve the performance of these processes are also identified. The review shows that technologies that are tunable and particularly efficient for partial desalination such as ED and MCDI are increasingly competitive with traditional RO processes. Development of cost-effective ion exchange membranes with high chemical and mechanical stability can further improve the economy of desalination with electro-membrane processes and advance their future applications.

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“…The upper recovery considers the nucleation induction time of the specific sparingly soluble salt and allows for temporary supersaturation of the solution during circulation. However, we defined that the respective nucleation induction time must be higher than the time span between two extended flushing procedures (which is explained later) since we addressed the issue of salt retention due to non-ideal flushing, e.g., [26,27]. The nucleation induction time for CaCO 3 was calculated according to He et al [28], and for SiO 2 according to the calculations of Warsinger et al [17] as well as data based on the experiments of Kempter et al [29].…”

Section: Operation Parameters For Maximum Ro Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits of High Recovery Inland Desalination: Closed‐Circuit Reverse Osmosis – a Viable Option?

Futterlieb

ElSherbiny

Tuczinski

et al. 2021

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Cost-efficient operation of inland brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) demands a high recovery. As recovery of BWRO is often limited to scaling, antiscalants (AS) are applied, whose environmental impact is disputed. In this paper, different systems (conventional single-and two-stage plug flow RO (PFRO) and closed-circuit RO (CCRO)) were simulated in various configurations (AS dosing, ion exchange (IEX) pretreatment, elements per vessel) to determine the recovery limiting factor for a hard feed. The novel proposed IEX-CCRO reached the highest recovery without AS dosing. PFRO configurations had lower recoveries, mainly due to hydraulic limitations. Utilizing RO brine reduced both the water demand and salts necessary for IEX regeneration.

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Multi-cycle operation of semi-batch reverse osmosis (SBRO) desalination

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of salt retention on true batch reverse osmosis energy consumption: Experiments and model validation

Impact of salt retention on true batch reverse osmosis energy consumption: Experiments and model validation

Frontiers of Membrane Desalination Processes for Brackish Water Treatment: A Review

Limits of High Recovery Inland Desalination: Closed‐Circuit Reverse Osmosis – a Viable Option?

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