“…1. fusion CPA measures using sensor combination [109] or the Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA) evaluated for other indexes [110]; 2. graphic visualization and patter recognition methods [91,111,112]; and 3. case-specific business Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), e.g., number of alarms or human interventions, time in manual mode [113], and many other currency-based units [67].…”
Model Predictive Control constitutes an important element of any modern control system. There is growing interest in this technology. More and more advanced predictive structures have been implemented. The first applications were in chemical engineering, and now Model Predictive Control can be found in almost all kinds of applications, from the process industry to embedded control systems or for autonomous objects. Currently, each implementation of a control system requires strict financial justification. Application engineers need tools to measure and quantify the quality of the control and the potential for improvement that may be achieved by retrofitting control systems. Furthermore, a successful implementation of predictive control must conform to prior estimations not only during commissioning, but also during regular daily operations. The system must sustain the quality of control performance. The assessment of Model Predictive Control requires a suitable, often specific, methodology and comparative indicators. These demands establish the rationale of this survey. Therefore, the paper collects and summarizes control performance assessment methods specifically designed for and utilized in predictive control. These observations present the picture of the assessment technology. Further generalization leads to the formulation of a control assessment procedure to support control application engineers.
“…1. fusion CPA measures using sensor combination [109] or the Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA) evaluated for other indexes [110]; 2. graphic visualization and patter recognition methods [91,111,112]; and 3. case-specific business Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), e.g., number of alarms or human interventions, time in manual mode [113], and many other currency-based units [67].…”
Model Predictive Control constitutes an important element of any modern control system. There is growing interest in this technology. More and more advanced predictive structures have been implemented. The first applications were in chemical engineering, and now Model Predictive Control can be found in almost all kinds of applications, from the process industry to embedded control systems or for autonomous objects. Currently, each implementation of a control system requires strict financial justification. Application engineers need tools to measure and quantify the quality of the control and the potential for improvement that may be achieved by retrofitting control systems. Furthermore, a successful implementation of predictive control must conform to prior estimations not only during commissioning, but also during regular daily operations. The system must sustain the quality of control performance. The assessment of Model Predictive Control requires a suitable, often specific, methodology and comparative indicators. These demands establish the rationale of this survey. Therefore, the paper collects and summarizes control performance assessment methods specifically designed for and utilized in predictive control. These observations present the picture of the assessment technology. Further generalization leads to the formulation of a control assessment procedure to support control application engineers.
“…Paragraphs below describe accepted and industrially validated on numerous occasions methodology. The approach takes its roots from the initial works dedicated to the task [13]- [15], however significantly improved. The diagram presenting assessment components and processes and positioning the context of the research is sketched in Fig.…”
Section: Problem Formulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Step 14. Summarize the index in a single multi-criteria plot using radar chart [15], [29]. Radar plot allows to compare multiple measures in a single diagram.…”
Section: Control System Assessmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Control system assessment of the loops is conducted according to the proven methodology, tested previously during similar projects [13], [15]. The assessment takes into account 41 loops.…”
Rehabilitation of control systems or implementation of Advanced Process Control (APC) in any large scale industrial installation poses several challenges. First of all, the implementation process has to meet stringent safety regulations. Moreover, it has to minimize normal production violation. All human, technology and control system risks need to be identified and a mitigation plan has to be prepared. Once the implementation limitations are fulfilled the installation requires to be prepared. The plant needs to be comprehensively assessed. All APC project related aspects, like control system or process instrumentation must be reviewed. Furthermore existing installation performance has to be measured for further justification of project results. The paper presents authorial assessment methodology aiming at the installation preparation before APC implementation. It is obvious that any supervisory control helps only when the underlying process, infrastructure and regulatory base control operates properly. Any performance malfunctioning within plant equipment or base control logic misfit limits, even the most sophisticated APC. The paper presents developed and practically adopted comprehensive multicriteria assessment procedure, which prepares the large scale chemical installation for APC supervisory control upgrade. Proposed procedure is accompanied with identified implementation risks and their mitigation plan.INDEX TERMS APC, ammonia plant, control system quality, equipment assessment, multicriteria analysis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.