Multi-bit quantum random number generation by measuring positions of arrival photons

Yan, Qiurong; Zhao, Bin; Liao, Qinghong; Zhou, Nanrun

doi:10.1063/1.4897485

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The demand for true and unique randomness in these applications has triggered various proposals for producing random numbers based on the measurements of quantum observables, which offer the verifiability and ultimate in randomness. In the past two decades, there has been tremendous development for various types of quantum RNG [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Among these proposals, random number generation based on homodyne measurement of quantum vacuum state is especially appealing in practice since highly efficient photodiodes working at room temperature can be applied [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Extractable Quantum Entropy in Vacuum-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Guo

Liu

et al. 2018

Entropy

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Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum entropy in the measurements decides the quality and security of the random number generator. At the same time, it directly determine the extraction ratio of true randomness from the raw data, in other words, it affects quantum random numbers generating rate obviously. In this work, considering the effects of classical noise, the best way to enhance quantum entropy in the vacuum-based quantum random number generator is explored in the optimum dynamical analog-digital converter (ADC) range scenario. The influence of classical noise excursion, which may be intrinsic to a system or deliberately induced by an eavesdropper, on the quantum entropy is derived. We propose enhancing local oscillator intensity rather than electrical gain for noise-independent amplification of quadrature fluctuation of vacuum state. Abundant quantum entropy is extractable from the raw data even when classical noise excursion is large. Experimentally, an extraction ratio of true randomness of 85.3% is achieved by finite enhancement of the local oscillator power when classical noise excursions of the raw data is obvious.Keywords: quantum random number; vacuum state; maximization of quantum conditional minentropy;

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Extractable Quantum Entropy in Vacuum-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Guo

Liu

et al. 2018

Entropy

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“…It extracts the random bits from continuously measuring arrival time of photons with a common starting point. The unbiased and post-processing free random bits obtained have passed all tests in the statistical test suite [39,40].…”

Section: Construction Of Measurement Matrix and Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Matrix Construction for Large-area Single Photon Compressive Imaging

Wang

Yan

et al. 2019

Sensors

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We have developed a single photon compressive imaging system based on single photon counting technology and compressed sensing theory, using a photomultiplier tube (PMT) photon counting head as the bucket detector. This system can realize ultra-weak light imaging with the imaging area up to the entire digital micromirror device (DMD) working region. The measurement matrix in this system is required to be binary due to the two working states of the micromirror corresponding to two controlled elements. And it has a great impact on the performance of the imaging system, because it involves modulation of the optical signal and image reconstruction. Three kinds of binary matrix including sparse binary random matrix, m sequence matrix and true random number matrix are constructed. The properties of these matrices are analyzed theoretically with the uncertainty principle. The parameters of measurement matrix including sparsity ratio, compressive sampling ratio and reconstruction time are verified in the experimental system. The experimental results show that, the increase of sparsity ratio and compressive sampling ratio can improve the reconstruction quality. However, when the increase is up to a certain value, the reconstruction quality tends to be saturated. Compared to the other two types of measurement matrices, the m sequence matrix has better performance in image reconstruction.

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“…One illustrative example is to send a photon through a 1 × N beam splitter and to detect the position of the output photon. Spatial QRNG has been experimentally demonstrated by using a multi-pixel single-photon detector array, 27 as shown in Figure 2d. The distribution of the random numbers depends on both the spatial distribution of light intensity and the efficiency uniformity of the SPD arrays.…”

Section: Trusted-device Qrng I: Single-photon Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum random number generation

Ma¹,

Yuan²,

Cao³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

304

215

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Quantum physics can be exploited to generate true random numbers, which have important roles in many applications, especially in cryptography. Genuine randomness from the measurement of a quantum system reveals the inherent nature of quantumnesscoherence, an important feature that differentiates quantum mechanics from classical physics. The generation of genuine randomness is generally considered impossible with only classical means. On the basis of the degree of trustworthiness on devices, quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can be grouped into three categories. The first category, practical QRNG, is built on fully trusted and calibrated devices and typically can generate randomness at a high speed by properly modelling the devices. The second category is self-testing QRNG, in which verifiable randomness can be generated without trusting the actual implementation. The third category, semi-self-testing QRNG, is an intermediate category that provides a tradeoff between the trustworthiness on the device and the random number generation speed.

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Multi-bit quantum random number generation by measuring positions of arrival photons

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Enhancing Extractable Quantum Entropy in Vacuum-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Enhancing Extractable Quantum Entropy in Vacuum-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Measurement Matrix Construction for Large-area Single Photon Compressive Imaging

Quantum random number generation

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