Multi‐azimuth towed streamer 3D seismic in the Nile Delta, Egypt

3D Seismic Survey Design, Second edition

“…Keggin et al (2006) report on a six-azimuth survey acquired in the Nile delta, offshore Egypt. Two major problems affect data quality in that area: (1) the Messinian unconformity consists of shales, anhydrites, and salt with rapidly varying thicknesses and velocities and (2) there are many multiple diffractions.…”

“…Comparison between single-azimuth and sixazimuth stack. The six-azimuth stack successfully removes unwanted multiple diffraction energy and improves the interpretability and lateral resolution of this Pliocene image (fromKeggin et al, 2006).…”

Full-azimuth towed-streamer seismic: An exploration tool for pre-salt hydrocarbon exploration offshore Brazil

“…Wideazimuth (WAZ) geometries employ several seismic vessels sailing in parallel, and have been used successfully for subsalt imaging in the Gulf of Mexico in recent years (Kapoor et al, 2007). In other areas of the world, multiazimuth (MAZ) surveys, where a single vessel acquires multiple conventional straight-line surveys at different azimuths over the survey area, have proved successful (Keggin et al, 2006). Most recently, an acquisition technique was developed in which a single towed-streamer vessel acquires data in a circular or helical pattern; this is known as coil shooting (Moldoveanu et al, 2008).…”

High-resolution multiazimuth towed-streamer seismic acquisition and processing– a case study from the Campos basin offshore Brazil

“…Multiazimuth (MAZ) refers to a survey where two or more conventional narrow-azimuth (NAZ) towed surveys are acquired over the same area with different sail-line azimuths. This technology has been used successfully over the years in different basins, perhaps most notably in the Nile delta where surveys using up to six different azimuths significantly improve and signal-to-noise ratio in the data (Keggin et al 2006) The Frade field sits some 120km offshore Rio de Janeiro State in water depths between 1000 and 1250m, in an area characterized by seafloor canyons, gas clouds and fault shadows. Figure 1 shows a map of water over the survey area.…”

“…(MAZ) refers to a survey where two or more azimuth (NAZ) towed-streamer surveys are acquired over the same area with different line azimuths. This technology has been used successfully over the years in different basins, perhaps Nile delta where surveys using up to improved illumination (Keggin et al 2006).…”