Mulberry leaf polyphenols attenuated postprandial glucose absorption<i>via</i>inhibition of disaccharidases activity and glucose transport in Caco-2 cells

Qing-hua

BMC Complement Med Ther

et al. 2021

Background Mulberry leaf as a traditional Chinese medicine is able to treat obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It is well known that diabetes leads to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is also recently discovered that liver glycogen structure is impaired in diabetic animals. Since mulberry leaves are able to improve the diabetic conditions through reducing blood glucose level, it would be interesting to investigate whether they have any positive effects on intestinal microbiota and liver glycogen structure. Methods In this study, we first determined the bioactive components of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Murine animal models were divided into three groups, normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats, and HFD/STZ-induced rats administered with ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (200 mg/kg/day). Composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed via metagenomics by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNAs. Liver glycogen structure was characterized through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both Student’s t-test and Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results A group of type 2 diabetic rat models were successfully established. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that ethanol extract of mulberry leaves could partially change intestinal microbiota back to normal conditions. In addition, liver glycogen was restored from fragile state to stable state through administration of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves. Conclusions This study confirms that the ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (MLE) ameliorates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in diabetic rats. These finding can be helpful in discovering the novel therapeutic targets with the help of further investigations.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol extract of mulberry leaves partially restores the composition of intestinal microbiota and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in type 2 diabetic rats

Qing-hua

BMC Complement Med Ther

et al. 2021

“…CBE and its constituents (caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid) strongly inhibit sucrase activity in Caco-2 cells, similar to acarbose (a sucrase enzyme inhibitor). Similarly, the mulberry leaf polyphenols arabinoxylan monosaccharide and arabinoxylan oligosaccharide markedly decrease intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme activity, making glucose unavailable for absorption ( 40 , 41 ). Therefore, CBE downregulated glucose transporter expression, and as a result, reduced glucose uptake into intestinal absorptive cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffea arabica bean extract inhibits glucose transport and disaccharidase activity in Caco‑2 cells

2021

The major constituents of Coffea arabica (coffee), including caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, exhibit antihyperglycemic properties in in vitro and in vivo models. However, whether Coffea arabica bean extract (CBE) regulates glucose uptake activity and the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of CBE on glucose absorption and identify the mechanisms involved using an in vitro model. The uptake of a fluorescent glucose analog into Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells was determined. The expression levels of sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were evaluated. In addition, glycoside hydrolase enzyme activity was investigated. It was observed that CBE inhibited disaccharidase enzyme activity. Furthermore, CBE exerted an inhibitory effect on intestinal glucose absorption by downregulating SGLT1-and GLUT2-mediated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and suppressing hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α expression. These data suggest that CBE may attenuate glucose absorption and may have potentially beneficial antihyperglycemic effects in the body; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of CBE must be elucidated through further investigation.

“…The MLPS extraction was harvested after freeze drying and the yield was about 15 g with a polyphenols content of about 20% as detected with the Folin‐reagent method. The main phenolics were identified with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in our previous work (Li et al., 2020) with the total phenolic content of 20%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberry leaf phenolics and fiber exert anti‐obesity through the gut microbiota‐host metabolism pathway

Long

Zou

Journal of Food Science

et al. 2021

Self Cite

The effect of mulberry leaf powder and components on preventing obesity and regulating lipid metabolism were investigated in the present study. The mechanism of action was explored by examining the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways. As evidenced by the nutritional obesity rats model experiments, the middle concentration mulberry leaf powder (MLP) group (0.8 g/kg⋅d) significantly reduced Lee's index (25.1, compared with model control group [MC] 25.7) and had the strongest lipid metabolism regulation effect. Furthermore, the suppression effects of different mulberry leaf components on nutritional obesity were compared and the mulberry leaf phenolics and fiber mixture (Mulberry leaf mixture [MLM]) group (0.6 g/kg⋅d) was found to have the strongest efficacy (body weight [BW] reduced 12.4%). Real time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses demonstrated that MLP (0.8 g/kg⋅d) and its components inhibited adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride synthesis through the PPAR-γ-C/EBP-α signaling pathway, resulting in lipid metabolism regulation. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that MLM (0.6 g/kg⋅d) prevented the reduction in intestinal flora diversity (reach 491 species) caused by highenergy feed, and reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (to 7.99%) and the obesity associated flora, Lachnospiraceae (to 19.1%), whereas it improved the content of the beneficial flora, Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus_johnsonii (reach 11.77%).MLM improved the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the two functional components (phenolics and fiber) and maximized the anti-obesity effect through the gut microbiota-host metabolism pathway. Practical Application: The anti-obesity and lipid metabolism regulation effect of mulberry leaf components were evaluated in this study. The fiber and phenolics of this plant have the potential for development of weight-loss functional foods. K E Y W O R D Sgut microbiota, lipid metabolism, mulberry leaf, obesity INTRODUCTIONObesity has become an important global public health problem that is an enormous burden on both families and entire societies (Liang et al., 2020;Ng, 2014). According to the statistics, by 2030, there will be 2.16 billion overweight and 1.12 billion obese people in the word (Apalasamy & Mohamed, 2015). Excessive body fat results in