Mulberry leaf phenolics and fiber exert anti‐obesity through the gut microbiota‐host metabolism pathway

Abstract

The effect of mulberry leaf powder and components on preventing obesity and regulating lipid metabolism were investigated in the present study. The mechanism of action was explored by examining the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways. As evidenced by the nutritional obesity rats model experiments, the middle concentration mulberry leaf powder (MLP) group (0.8 g/kg⋅d) significantly reduced Lee's index (25.1, compared with model control group [MC] 25.7) and had the strongest lipid metabolism regulation effect. Furthermore, the suppression effects of different mulberry leaf components on nutritional obesity were compared and the mulberry leaf phenolics and fiber mixture (Mulberry leaf mixture [MLM]) group (0.6 g/kg⋅d) was found to have the strongest efficacy (body weight [BW] reduced 12.4%). Real time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses demonstrated that MLP (0.8 g/kg⋅d) and its components inhibited adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride synthesis through the PPAR-γ-C/EBP-α signaling pathway, resulting in lipid metabolism regulation. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that MLM (0.6 g/kg⋅d) prevented the reduction in intestinal flora diversity (reach 491 species) caused by highenergy feed, and reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (to 7.99%) and the obesity associated flora, Lachnospiraceae (to 19.1%), whereas it improved the content of the beneficial flora, Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus_johnsonii (reach 11.77%).MLM improved the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the two functional components (phenolics and fiber) and maximized the anti-obesity effect through the gut microbiota-host metabolism pathway. Practical Application: The anti-obesity and lipid metabolism regulation effect of mulberry leaf components were evaluated in this study. The fiber and phenolics of this plant have the potential for development of weight-loss functional foods. K E Y W O R D Sgut microbiota, lipid metabolism, mulberry leaf, obesity INTRODUCTIONObesity has become an important global public health problem that is an enormous burden on both families and entire societies (Liang et al., 2020;Ng, 2014). According to the statistics, by 2030, there will be 2.16 billion overweight and 1.12 billion obese people in the word (Apalasamy & Mohamed, 2015). Excessive body fat results in

Morus alba L. water extract changes gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in mice induced by high‐fat and high‐sucrose diet plus low‐dose streptozotocin

“…It was surprising that MLWE supplementation could further increase or decrease the relative abundance of Oscillatoriales_cyanobacterium and Gastranaerophilales in HFHS-fed and STZ-induced mice. According to our results, the modulation by MLWE of the gut microbiota was a sophisticated process and no specific pattern of the changing composition of gut bacterial communities could be obtained, which might be due to the changes of microenvironment nourishing the growth of gut microbiota brought about by the ingredients of MLWE (Hu et al, 2019;Liao, Long, Zou, Liu, & Li, 2021); this should be further investigated at the genus-or species-specific levels.…”

Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects

“…Another study demonstrated that mulberry leaf flavonoids and its active metabolite quercetin could reduce excessive cholesterol accumulation both in vivo and in vitro, and play a role in lowering blood lipid via decreasing the mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-2 and HMGCR [125]. Likewise, mulberry leaf phenolic and fiber mixture exhibited lipid-lowering effects via reducing the mRNA and proteins expression of FAS, C/EBR-α and PPARγ as well as regulating the gut microbiota [126]. In ethanol-induced liver injury mouse model, mulberry leaf extract and its chlorogenic derivatives improved lipid profiles, attenuated hepatic inflammation and decreased lipid accumulation [127].…”

Insights on preparation, structure and activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide

“…The sulfate group and gut microbiota played an important role in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism by GLP. Liao, Long, Zou, Liu, & Li (2021) discovered that the reduction of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio improved the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and lipid metabolism, thus reducing the Lee’s index and perfecting the level of lipid (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C). Polysaccharide can not be digested in gastric and intestinal juice, but degraded into functional small molecules by gut microbiota in colon, exerting their activity in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.…”