Mujeres y maquilas en Honduras

Abstract

Rent-seeking coalitions based on gender create a gender bias in social institutions that influences market outcomes. How does economic development, which involves substantial relocation of economic functions from the family to the market and the state, affect the behavior of gender coalitions and the evolution of gender bias? Economists will not be able to adequately answer this question until they develop a broader research agenda and begin to collect more systematic data on institutional bias, the organization of nonmarket work, and the distribution of resources within the family. engender:. 1. To give rise to. 2. To procreate. American Heritage Dictionary, Third editionGender is now a popular, indeed indispensable, word in the development vocabulary. Most major international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Bank, have special units devoted to research and policy formulation on women's issues. A growing official literature describes the importance of moving from models of "women in development" toward models of "gender and development," signaling a new emphasis on analyzing men's roles as well as women's 2 . A widespread consensus on the benefits of investing in women's education has radically altered public policy in many parts of the world. Yet discussions of gender have remained segregated within special reports or specific policy initiatives, having relatively little impact on the mainstream discourse of development economics.1 Ce texte est imprimé ici avec la permission de la Banque Mondiale et a été publié dans "the annual World Bank Conference on Development" en 1995. En outre, traduit partiellement en français il est édité dans l'ouvrage Nancy Folbre, De la différence des sexes en économie politique, Éditions Des femmes, Paris, 1997, pp. 163-205. 2 The most recent examples of publications by multilateral institutions include World Bank (1994) and Klasen (1993). In addition, both the World Bank and the office of the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Report prepared reports on gender issues for the

Worker Resistance in the Formation of the Maquiladora Enclave in Honduras

“…Shortly thereafter, in 1987, by Decree 37-87, the creation of zonas industriales de procesamiento (industrial processing zones—ZIP) extended the exemption from taxes to other municipalities in the area of Puerto Cortés. Under this new regulation, the state was no longer in charge of the industrial parks formerly controlled by the National Ports Company (Kennedy, 1998:19).…”

“…In the early years of the growth of the maquiladora industry, particularly during the 1990s, 80 percent of the export industry workforce were women (Kennedy, 1998). However, the makeup of the working class in this industry has gradually changed, and today the difference is less, with 45 percent men and 55 percent women (CDM, 2017: 31).…”

Multi‐fiber agreement 15 years later: Degraded working conditions in the Honduran Garment Maquiladora Industry †

“…37‐87 approved the creation of Industrial Processing Zones (ZIP), which extended the tax exemption to other municipalities in the northern region of the country near Puerto Cortés. Under this new regulation, industrial parks that were previously controlled by the state owned National Port Company became private property under the hands of local rentier oligarchs that have become multimillionaires over the years (Kennedy, 1998).…”