Mucosal innervation and control of water and ion transport in the intestine

Keast, Janet R.

doi:10.1007/bfb0031024

Cited by 74 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 294 publications

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“…A consistent neuroanatomical and neurochemical feature of the enteric nervous system is the dense innervation of the mucosa by VIP-, somatostatin-, galanin-and NPY-containing submucosal neurons (KEAST, 1987). These neurons from a dense mucosal fibre plexus in the guinea-pig small intestine and distal colon, and the present study has found a similar innervation in the proximal colon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…These neurons from a dense mucosal fibre plexus in the guinea-pig small intestine and distal colon, and the present study has found a similar innervation in the proximal colon. In the small intestine, VIP and galanin are co-localized in submucosal neurons which are presumed to be non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons (KEAST, 1987). NPY and somatostatin are present in the cholinergic secretomotor neurons in the guinea-pig ileum (KEAST, 1987), but in the rat, NPY and VIP are co-localized in this class of neuron (BUCHAN and BAIMBRIDGE, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurons and Their Projections in the Proximal Colon of the Guinea-Pig

Messenger

1993

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Summary. The arrangement of the enteric nerve plexuses, and the distributions and projections of chemically specified neurons in the proximal colon of the guineapig were studied. The neural plexuses were examined using immunoreactivity to neuron specific enolase, and individual subpopulations were studied using antibodies raised against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), enkephalin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), galanin, somatostatin, calbindin and calretinin. Nitric oxide producing neurons were studied using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. The myenteric and submucous plexuses were not uniform around the entire circumference; at the mesenteric aspect of the colon there was almost no longitudinal muscle and the circular muscle was unusually thick and cord-like. In this region there was no tertiary plexus of fibres, and the ganglia of the myenteric and submucous plexuses were elongated in the direction of the circular muscle. Neuronal pathways within the antimesenteric aspect of the colon were investigated using nerve lesioning procedures. VIP, GRP, galanin, calbindin and NADPH diaphorase containing neurons lay in anally projecting pathways within the myenteric plexus, while enkephalin and somatostatin appeared in orally projecting nerve pathways. Few NPY immunoreactive nerve cells were found in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon. The longitudinal muscle was innervated with VIP, SP, enkephalin and NADPH diaphorase containing fibres. The circular muscle was innervated by axons containing all substances investigated except NPY. Galanin, NPY, somatostatin and VIP fibres, all particularly dense in the mucosa, largely arose from nerve cell bodies in the submucous plexus. The results of the present study indicate that chemically specified neuronal populations in the proximal colon of the guinea-pig are more similar to the distal colon than the ileum, but that neurochemical and anatomical differences exist between the proximal and distal colon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurons and Their Projections in the Proximal Colon of the Guinea-Pig

Messenger

1993

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…We found that TTX inhibited basal SCC in the ileum, indicating tonic neural activity, apparently affecting chloride secretion. Our finding agrees with results reported by Keast (1987) for the guinea-pig and Hubel (1978) for the rabbit ileal epithelium. In contrast to this Cooke et al (1983) and Cooke (1986) did not find this effect of TTX, except in the absence of glucose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Neuronal involvement in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions in gut epithelia

Baird¹,

Cuthbert²

1987

British J Pharmacology

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1 Using a number of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-antagonists we have compared their activity against the chloride-secretory response in guinea-pig ileal and colonic epithelia when challenged with 5-HT or antigen. Guinea-pigs sensitized to P-lactoglobulin (PLG) were used throughout; these were obtained by providing animals with cows' milk for drinking. 2 Of methysergide, ketanserin, cyproheptadine and ICS 205-930, only the latter inhibited both the response to 5-HT and to antigen challenge. Methysergide caused a minor, significant effect on 5-HT but not on PLG responses. Ketanserin had no effect on the responses to 5-HT, but both ketanserin and cyproheptadine inhibited the challenge to PLG.3 The data are considered in relation to the current views of receptor subtypes for 5-HT. Some of the reported inhibitors may be non-specific, while we consider there is evidence to support the view that 5-HT3-receptors (neuronal receptors) are involved both in the responses to 5-HT and to antigen challenge. 4 Tetrodotoxin mimicked the effect of ICS 205-930 on both the response to 5-HT and to antigen challenge in sensitized tissues, confirming a neuronal involvement for both types of stimuli.

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“…Submucosal neurones function to modulate mucosal water and electrolyte transport; their activation leads to increased net secretory activity while their inhibition leads to increased net absorption (Cooke, 1987;Keast, 1987). Sympathetic nerves, via the adrenergic IPSP, provide a tonic inhibition to submucosal neurones (see Surprenant, 1989).…”

Section: Physiological Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potential in sympathetically denervated guinea‐pig submucosal neurones.

Shen

Surprenant

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Intracellular recordings were made from submucosal neurones in guinea-pig ileum. In some animals, the extrinsic (sympathetic) nerves to the submucosal plexus were severed 5-7 days previously. 4. Recovery from desensitization was rapid and followed the time course of agonist wash-out. Forskolin, phorbol esters, dithiothreitol, hydrogen peroxide, concanavalin A, or reducing temperature from 35 to 29°C did not alter the time course, degree of, or recovery from desensitization.5. The somatostatin-induced desensitization was of the homologous type; no cross-desensitization to opiate or a2-adrenoceptor agonists (which activate the same potassium conductance) occurred.6. Somatostatin desensitization did not alter the adrenergic IPSP seen in sympathetically innervated preparations but abolished the non-adrenergic IPSP recorded from normal preparations and from preparations in which the extrinsic sympathetic nerve supply had been surgically removed.7. The selective blockade of the non-adrenergic IPSP by the homologous-type somatostatin desensitization characterized in the present study provides strong support for the hypothesis that somatostatin is the neurotransmitter underlying the non-adrenergic IPSP in both normal and extrinsically denervated submucosal neurones.

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Mucosal innervation and control of water and ion transport in the intestine

Cited by 74 publications

References 294 publications

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurons and Their Projections in the Proximal Colon of the Guinea-Pig

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurons and Their Projections in the Proximal Colon of the Guinea-Pig

Neuronal involvement in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions in gut epithelia

Somatostatin‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potential in sympathetically denervated guinea‐pig submucosal neurones.

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