Mucormycosis or black fungus: An emerging threat in COVID-19

Bhadra, Abhishek; Ahmed, Sharmeen; Rahman, Mohammed Atiqur; Islam, Samprity

doi:10.3329/bsmmuj.v14i3.54682

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, with the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of zygomycosis, colloquially called "black fungus", has increased. Spore germination occurs due to various reasons such as low oxygen saturation, high iron levels as evidenced by high ferritin, immunosuppression caused by SARS-CoV-2, decreased phagocytic activity of white blood cells, and hyperglycemia from corticosteroid use [30]. These are all conditions for the development of zygomycosis and candidiasis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Croton cajucara Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Antifungal Activities

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) containing Croton cajucara 7-hydroxycalamenene-rich essential oil (NECC) with antifungal activity. The NECCs were prepared using an ultrasonic processor with Pluronic® F-127 as the aqueous phase. In order to evaluate the NECCs, the droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI), percentage of emulsification, and pH were determined along with a stability study. The NECC selected for the study had 15% surfactant, showed 100% emulsification, Pdl of 0.249, neutral pH, droplet diameters of about 40 nm, and remained stable over 150 days at room temperature. In addition, the NECC activity against some species of Zygomycetes and Candida, as well as the potential to inhibit fungal extracellular proteases, were assessed, and, finally, the hemolytic activity was evaluated. The best NECC antifungal activities were against Mucorramosissimus (Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 12.2 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC = 25.6 μg/mL). The highest extracellular protease activities of M. ramosissimus and C. albicans were detected at pH 3 and 4, respectively, which were totally inhibited after NECC treatment. The NECC showed no hemolytic effect at the highest concentration tested (2 mg/mL).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Croton cajucara Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Antifungal Activities

et al. 2021

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“…In many cases, the patients hardly visit the health centers for treatment and the health experts detect the early signs of the disease leading to the high infection rate and hence death. Once the condition has been detected, it might force a particular physician to remove a part of the body like the eye to stop further spread [ 98 ].…”

Section: The Interplay Between Black Fungus and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Mucormycosis Severity in Indian COVID-19 Patients: A Nano-Based Diagnosis and the Necessity for Critical Therapeutic Intervention

Asdaq¹,

Rajan

Damodaran

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

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The COVID-19 infection caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has been linked to a broad spectrum of symptoms, from a mild cough to life-threatening pneumonia. As we learn more about this unusual COVID-19 epidemic, new issues are emerging and being reported daily. Mucormycosis, also known as zygomycosis or phycomycosis, causes severe fungal illness to individuals with a weakened immune system. It is a devastating fungal infection, and the most frequent kind is the rhino cerebral type. As a devastating second wave of COVID-19 sweeps India, doctors report several instances involving a strange illness—sometimes known as the “black fungus”—among returning and recovered COVID-19 patients. This paper analyzes the existing statistical data to address the severity of prevalence and further notes the nano-based diagnostic parameters, clinical presentations, its connection with other conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and GI disorders, and the importance of anti-fungal therapy in treating the same. Anti-fungal therapies, as well as surgical interventions, are currently used for the treatment of the disease. Proper and timely diagnosis is necessary, along with the reduction in the spread of COVID-19. From the review, it was found that timely pharmacologic interventions and early diagnosis by using a nano-based diagnostic kit can help control the disease. Additionally, this paper provides novel information about the nanotechnology approaches such as fungal detection biosensors, nucleic acids-based testing, point-of-care tests, and galactomannans detection, in the diagnosis of mucormycosis, and thereby reinforces the need for further research on the topic.

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“…Swelling on one side of the face, headaches, fever, nasal or sinus congestion, and black lesions on the nose or upper portion of the mouth have also been reported as signs of black fungus infection 30 . Other signs and symptoms of pulmonary (lung) mucosa disease include fever, cough, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath 9, 43 . The signs and symptoms of skin infection include blisters or ulcers.…”

Section: Common Symptoms Of the Black Fungus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between black fungus and Covid-19 disease in diabetes mellitus patients

et al. 2021

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Introduction:The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has conditioned the whole world to search for an ultimate cure for the infection. Therefore, all countries with no exception have embraced vaccines in addition to other pharmacological drugs. The consequences of the pandemic include material and human losses in all countries. Another emerging disease is a black fungus. The black fungus is a pathological phenomenon that arises as a result of exposure to mucormycosis. It is observed concurrently with recovery from the virus. The infection has symptoms and risks that do not reduce the risk of infection by COVID-19. Methods: Information was gathered from the review of the relevant literature obtained from various databases, such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Results: The relationship between diabetes, COVID-19, and mucous fungus is such that diabetes weakens the immune system which helps the COVID-19 virus. Conclusion: The decline of the immune system facilitates secondary infections such as the mucous fungus, especially in the recovery phase from the virus. Therefore, in this review, information about the new pandemic and its risks have been summarized.

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Mucormycosis or black fungus: An emerging threat in COVID-19

Abstract: not available BSMMU J 2021; 14 (COVID -19 Supplement): 51-56

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Croton cajucara Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Antifungal Activities

Croton cajucara Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Antifungal Activities

Identifying Mucormycosis Severity in Indian COVID-19 Patients: A Nano-Based Diagnosis and the Necessity for Critical Therapeutic Intervention

The link between black fungus and Covid-19 disease in diabetes mellitus patients

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