Mucin and carbon nanotube-based biosensor for detection of glucose in human plasma

Abstract

This work reports an amperometric enzyme-electrode prepared with glucose oxidase, which have been immobilized by a cross-linking step with glutaraldehyde in a mixture containing albumin and a novel carbon nanotubes-mucin composite (CNT-muc). The obtained hydrogel matrix was trapped between two polycarbonate membranes and then fixed at the surface of a Pt working electrode. The developed biosensor was optimized by evaluating different compositions and the analytical properties of an enzymatic matrix with CNT-muc. Then, the performance of the resulting enzymatic matrix was evaluated for direct glucose quantification in human blood plasma. The novel CNT-muc composite provided a sensitivity of 0.44 ± 0.01 mA M and a response time of 28 ± 2 s. These values were respectively 20% higher and 40% shorter than those obtained with a sandwich-type biosensor prepared without CNT. Additionally, CNT-muc based biosensor exhibited more than 3 orders of magnitude of linear dynamic calibration range and a detection limit of 3 μM. The short-term and long-term stabilities of the biosensors were also examined and excellent results were obtained through successive experiments performed within the first 60 days from their preparation. Finally, the storage stability was remarkable during the first 300 days.

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

“…The example of nanotubes as elements of electronic devices including transistors (field‐effect or single‐electron transistors), rectifying diodes, and for logic circuits . The advantages offers to perform as excellent sensors such as large energy bandgap, fast electron transfer, good electron mobility, good binding energy with other materials, able to provide functional group to be more selective, and others . Besides electrical properties, the thermal properties are still excel as the thermal conductivity of the CNT is relatively high (~6000 W (m K) –1 ) .…”

“…Therefore, CNT is outstanding among advanced materials to be implemented in the thermal application and energy storage. CNTs are electrically conducting tools, which are comparable to diamond and have involved in many applications such as TIMs, batteries, energy storage, supercapacitor, fuel cell, and portable sensors . The synthesis of CNT is already established few years ago and has attained large scale of production.…”

“…Fuel cell application is affected by the presence of various types of carbon allotropes, including CNTs, CB, graphene, carbon nanocoils (CNCs), mesoporous carbon (MC), carbon cloth, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), fullerene, activated carbon (AC), and carbon xerogel/aerogel; fuel cell performance is significantly affected by their presence. Table indicates the carbon material properties as followed.…”

“…6 The advantages offers to perform as excellent sensors such as large energy bandgap, fast electron transfer, good electron mobility, good binding energy with other materials, able to provide functional group to be more selective, and others. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Besides electrical properties, the thermal properties are still excel as the thermal conductivity of the CNT is relatively high (~6000 W (m K) -1 ). 24 Therefore, CNT is outstanding among advanced materials to be implemented in the thermal application and energy storage.…”

“…CNTs are electrically conducting tools, which are comparable to diamond and have involved in many applications such as TIMs, [25][26][27] batteries, 28-30 energy storage, [31][32][33] supercapacitor, 34 fuel cell, [35][36][37][38] and portable sensors. [17][18][19]21,22 The synthesis of CNT is already established few years ago and has attained large scale of production. The application in various fields has lots of benefits and improvement especially in the development of nanotechnology.…”