MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Serum Homocysteine Level as Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Control Study

Saafan, Fawzia Amin; Elsamanoudy, Ayman Z.; Shaalan, Dalia; Zeidan, Nanees; Gaballah, Mohammad A.

doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2021.06.013

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Investigations into biomarkers continue to enhance our understanding of the relationship between CV risk and AGA and such biomarkers may potentially serve as predictive tools in the future. Multiple studies (albeit not all) have shown higher levels of fibrinogen, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), homocysteine, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in AGA patients 13,25,37,39–41 . Though there remain inconsistencies in the literature and our understanding of the etiopathology is incomplete, there is a preponderance of compelling studies confirming an association of AGA with conventional modifiable CV risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, as well as an association with AGA and CAD itself.…”

Section: Nonscarring Alopeciasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk in patients with scarring and nonscarring alopecias: Assessing the current state of evidence

Sally,

Robinson,

Orlow

et al. 2023

JEADV Clinical Practice

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Alopecia is traditionally classified into scarring and nonscarring subtypes, with etiopathologies ranging from androgen‐mediated to immuno‐inflammatory. Over 50% of men and almost 50% of women will experience some form of hair loss in their lifetime. Given this prevalence and the psychosocial significance of hair, understanding the pathophysiology and comorbidities of different types of hair loss is imperative. Other proinflammatory dermatologic disorders, such as psoriasis, are recognised to have systemic manifestations including an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, and are now considered CV risk‐enhancing conditions. With increased recognition of the importance of systemic inflammation in promoting atherosclerosis, high prevalence, and improved treatment strategies, there is increased interest in establishing whether a similar association between alopecia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) exists. In this manuscript, we aim to review the current literature regarding CV risk in androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA). Additionally, we review the literature for cicatricial alopecias and highlight the need for more research into their potential associations with CV risk. Evidence from the identified AGA publications suggests an association of AGA with CV risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, as well as with coronary artery disease. For AA, most of the identified studies found an association between AA and CV risk, though the relationships were not always statistically significant. Research on cicatricial alopecias and CV risk is limited and often contradictory. There is great need for more studies regarding the association between various types of alopecia and the development of CVD, and potential mechanisms. Particularly needed are more studies of cicatricial alopecias and potential associated CV risk. While some literature suggests that patients with alopecia have an increased risk of CVD, the lack of concrete evidence represents a notable gap in our current understanding.

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Section: Nonscarring Alopeciasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk in patients with scarring and nonscarring alopecias: Assessing the current state of evidence

Sally,

Robinson,

Orlow

et al. 2023

JEADV Clinical Practice

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“…With advancing age, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, hence assessment of risk factors is of great importance. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Chen et al, 2022;Krysiak et al, 2022;Saafan et al, 2021;Vora et al, 2019). Many diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, benign prostate hyperplasia, and prostate cancer have been reported to have concurrency with AGA (Vora et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between AG and metabolic syndrome was defined in a significant number of previous epidemiological studies (Dawoud et al, 2023;Qiu et al, 2022). Although some studies have found no relationship, the majority have supported the notion that suffering from AGA is correlated with cardiovascular health risk, with conflicting results (Arefi et al, 2020) and few pieces of literature also specified that cardiovascular risk (CVR) is associated with AGA as compared with normal individuals (Arefi et al, 2020;Saafan et al, 2021;Dawoud et al, 2023;Zhu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An understanding of the relationship between male androgenetic alopecia and CVD may be important in improving primary prevention which can help to prevent cardiovascular mortalities and morbidities at an early stage (Arefi et al, 2020;Saafan et al, 2021;Dawoud et al, 2023;Wang et al, 2021). Keeping this in mind, we aimed to determine the association of cardiovascular risk factors in androgenetic alopecia, specifically in males, and to prove an association between male AGA and CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in male androgenetic alopecia: A case control study in a tertiary care hospital of western Odisha

Madhual,

Nayak,

Dalei

et al. 2023

IJERR

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Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of patterned hair loss among males which is characterized by progressive hair loss from the bi-temporal and vertex regions of the scalp. Although previous epidemiological studies found an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adult AGA male patients, there has been no comprehensive research till now to establish this correlation between AGA and cardiovascular risk and there is a paucity of data regarding this association. Two hundred men were included in the study, N = 100 AGA patients included in the patient group, and the rest in the control group. In both groups, the parameters for MetS such as family history, socioeconomic status, obesity, blood pressure, and lipid profile), and in the presence of the CAA plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using Doppler ultrasonography were established. The degree of AGA was asses by using the Hamilton-Norwood grade (I-VII) system for males. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. AGA was found in 11.6% of OPD patients, whereas 3 patients have CAA plaque and 6 cases have C-IMT from the patient's group. There was a statistical association between male AGA with MetS, and insulin-resistant patients (P = 0.001 and 0.0004, respectively). A positive family history of AGA patients, hypertension, DM, and CVD was found to be significantly more frequent in study cases than in the controls (P <0.05). Patients with AGA appear to have a highly prevalent risk of developing CVD and CAA plaque. Therefore, clinical evaluation of each AGA patient’s cases is needed, especially for grade III and above which may help prevent CVD in the future. Timely intervention and lifestyle changes in male AGA patients can fulfil the ultimate objective of reducing cardiovascular complications in the future.

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Homocysteine in androgenetic alopecia: A case control study and observational experiments on mice

Zhang,

Sheng,

Yang

et al. 2024

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between homocysteine (HCY) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA).MethodsA case control study and two observational experiments on mice were conducted. In the first part, a total of 528 Chinese AGA patients and 500 age‐matched healthy controls were included. Serum HCY levels of AGA and controls were compared. In the second part, eight mice were divided into two groups. Both groups of mice had their hair removed. AGA group received a DHT injection, and the other as control group. HCY levels in hair follicles (HFs) were detected by ELISA and compared. In the third part, twelve mice were divided into three groups and fed with different concentrations of methionine. After 4 weeks, serum HCY levels, parameters related to hair growth through observation and HE staining, and expression of immunohistochemistry (IHC) hair‐growth‐related markers Ki67, VEGF, IGF‐1, Krt27, FGF9, and TGF‐β1 were compared among the three groups.ResultsIn the first part, HCY levels were higher in AGA than the controls of both genders. However, there was no difference in HCY levels between groups with varying severity. Rates of hyperhomocysteinemia was higher in AGA patients than the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed serum HCY levels was positively correlated with the incidence of AGA. In the second part, HCY of the HFs in the AGA group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The third part showed that the increase in serum HCY levels inhibited the growth of mice hair, with the less expressed stimulative markers Ki67, VEGF, IGF‐1, Krt27, and FGF9, while there was no difference in the expression of inhibitory markers TGF‐β1.ConclusionThere is a potential relationship between HCY and AGA. HCY had an inhibitory effect on hair growth. Further studies are necessary to explore the specific mechanism.

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MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Serum Homocysteine Level as Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Control Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Cardiovascular risk in patients with scarring and nonscarring alopecias: Assessing the current state of evidence

Cardiovascular risk in patients with scarring and nonscarring alopecias: Assessing the current state of evidence

Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in male androgenetic alopecia: A case control study in a tertiary care hospital of western Odisha

Homocysteine in androgenetic alopecia: A case control study and observational experiments on mice

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