“…, 2004; Galindo et al. , 2006; Marko et al. , 2007), but more work is needed to disentangle oceanographic and evolutionary mechanisms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, oceanographic barriers to dispersal, such as convergent currents, may limit connectivity in planktonic dispersers, and some of these species show surprisingly strong genetic structure (e.g. Buonaccorsi et al, 2002Buonaccorsi et al, , 2004Marko et al, 2007). Realized dispersal depends not just on larval mode but also on habitat requirements, with consequences for connectivity and gene flow (Johnson & Black, 1991, 2005Marko, 2004).…”
Aim Phylogeographical breaks may reflect historical or present‐day impediments to gene flow, and the congruence of these breaks across multiple species lends insight into evolutionary history and connectivity among populations. In marine systems, examining the concordance of phylogeographical breaks is challenging due to the varied sampling scales in population genetics studies and the diverse life histories of marine organisms. A quantitative approach that considers the effects of sampling scale and species life history is needed.
Location The south‐east and south‐west coasts of the United States.
Methods We quantitatively analysed previously published datasets of marine fauna to look for concordance among phylogeographical breaks. We used a bootstrap approach to determine the regions where phylogeographical breaks are more common than expected by chance among species with planktonic dispersal as well as those with restricted dispersal.
Results On the south‐west coast, breaks were clustered near Point Conception among planktonic dispersers and near Los Angeles among restricted dispersers. On the south‐east coast, breaks were most common near the southern tip of Florida for planktonic dispersers and near Cape Canaveral for restricted dispersers.
Main conclusions Dispersal ability is an important determinant of phylogeographical patterns in marine species. Breaks among planktonic dispersers on both coasts are congruent with present‐day flow‐mediated barriers to dispersal, suggesting that phylogeographical structure in species with planktonic larvae may reflect contemporary oceanography, while breaks in restricted dispersers reflect historical processes. These results highlight the importance of explicitly considering sampling scale and life history when evaluating phylogeographical patterns.
“…, 2004; Galindo et al. , 2006; Marko et al. , 2007), but more work is needed to disentangle oceanographic and evolutionary mechanisms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, oceanographic barriers to dispersal, such as convergent currents, may limit connectivity in planktonic dispersers, and some of these species show surprisingly strong genetic structure (e.g. Buonaccorsi et al, 2002Buonaccorsi et al, , 2004Marko et al, 2007). Realized dispersal depends not just on larval mode but also on habitat requirements, with consequences for connectivity and gene flow (Johnson & Black, 1991, 2005Marko, 2004).…”
Aim Phylogeographical breaks may reflect historical or present‐day impediments to gene flow, and the congruence of these breaks across multiple species lends insight into evolutionary history and connectivity among populations. In marine systems, examining the concordance of phylogeographical breaks is challenging due to the varied sampling scales in population genetics studies and the diverse life histories of marine organisms. A quantitative approach that considers the effects of sampling scale and species life history is needed.
Location The south‐east and south‐west coasts of the United States.
Methods We quantitatively analysed previously published datasets of marine fauna to look for concordance among phylogeographical breaks. We used a bootstrap approach to determine the regions where phylogeographical breaks are more common than expected by chance among species with planktonic dispersal as well as those with restricted dispersal.
Results On the south‐west coast, breaks were clustered near Point Conception among planktonic dispersers and near Los Angeles among restricted dispersers. On the south‐east coast, breaks were most common near the southern tip of Florida for planktonic dispersers and near Cape Canaveral for restricted dispersers.
Main conclusions Dispersal ability is an important determinant of phylogeographical patterns in marine species. Breaks among planktonic dispersers on both coasts are congruent with present‐day flow‐mediated barriers to dispersal, suggesting that phylogeographical structure in species with planktonic larvae may reflect contemporary oceanography, while breaks in restricted dispersers reflect historical processes. These results highlight the importance of explicitly considering sampling scale and life history when evaluating phylogeographical patterns.
“…Sequence data from the hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA (D-loop or control region) were utilized to determine genetic diversity indices, genetic variation, and female effective population sizes among the four pelagic fishes. The mtDNA D-loop marker is highly polymorphic (Niwa et al, 2003) and is considered sensitive at identifying population genetic structure of many marine fish resources (Borsa, 2002(Borsa, , 2003Marko et al, 2007;Yan et al, 2008;Xia et al, 2008;Santos et al, 2010). These favorable characteristics of the mtDNA D-loop marker and the different analytical approaches employed in this study should aid in elucidating the roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating patterns of genetic variations among the four abundant pelagic populations in the SCS region.…”
“…Thus, it has been assumed that many marine populations operate as genetically open systems (5-7). However, mounting genetic evidence shows that pelagic stages often fail to fully achieve their dispersal potential (8)(9)(10)(11), suggesting that the relationship between dispersal potential and realized gene flow among marine populations is more complex than previously assumed. Assessing the influences that oceanographic factors and early-life-history traits have in determining gene flow remains a major challenge for marine ecologists.…”
The spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity is mainly influenced by barriers to dispersal. The nature of such barriers varies according to the dispersal means and capabilities of the organisms concerned. Although these barriers are often obvious on land, in the ocean they can be more difficult to identify. Determining the relative influence of physical and biotic factors on genetic connectivity remains a major challenge for marine ecologists. Here, we compare gene flow patterns of 7 littoral fish species from 6 families with a range of early-life-history traits sampled at the same geographic locations across common environmental discontinuities in the form of oceanic fronts in the Western Mediterranean. We show that these fronts represent major barriers to gene flow and have a strong influence on the population genetic structure of some fish species. We also found no significant relation between the early-life-history traits most commonly investigated (egg type, pelagic larval duration, and inshore-offshore spawning) and gene flow patterns, suggesting that other life-history factors should deserve attention. The fronts analyzed and the underlying physical mechanisms are not site-specific but common among the oceans, suggesting the generality of our findings.gene flow ͉ microsatellite ͉ ocean circulation ͉ pelagic stages
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