MrMid2, encoding a cell wall stress sensor protein, is required for conidium production, stress tolerance, microsclerotium formation and virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi

Xin, Caiyan; Xin, Xing; Wang, Fen; Liu, Jiexing; Ran, Zhuonan; Chen, Wenbi; Wang, Guangxi; Song, Zhimin

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103278

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The virulence of different strains to the same host insect often vary greatly [ 25 ]. The results of this study were consistent with those previously reported [ 26 ]. There were significant differences in the mortality rate of M. rileyi strains against S. frugiperda .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Pang

Peng

et al. 2023

Insects

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Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most destructive crop pests in the world. Metarhizium rileyi is an entomopathogenic fungus specific for noctuid pests and is a very promising prospect in biological control against S. frugiperda. Two M. rileyi strains (XSBN200920 and HNQLZ200714) isolated from infected S. frugiperda were used to evaluate the virulence and biocontrol potential to different stages and instars of S. frugiperda. The results showed that XSBN200920 was significantly more virulent than HNQLZ200714 to eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of S. frugiperda. In the larvae infected with the two M. rileyi strains, the activity of three protective enzymes (including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) and two detoxifying enzymes (including glutathione-S transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE)) increased firstly and then decreased. The expression levels of protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes in larvae treated with XSBN200920 were greater than with HNQLZ200714. Furthermore, antioxidant stress-related gene (MrSOD and MrCAT family genes) expression in the two strains was measured by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR). The expression of these genes was significantly higher in the XSBN200920 strain compared to HNQLZ200714. There were also significant differences in the sensitivity of the two strains to the growth of different carbon and nitrogen sources and oxidative stress agents. In addition, the activity expression of antioxidant enzymes on the third day of culturing in XSBN200920 was significantly higher than with HNQLZ200714. In summary, the high virulence of M. rileyi XSBN200920 was not only determined by the expression levels of protective and detoxifying enzymes of the host but also regulated by the growth of entomogenic fungi and the resistance to the oxidative stress against S. frugiperda at different stages and instars. This study provides a theoretical fundament for the systematic control of Spodoptera frugiperda using Metarhizium rileyi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Pang

Peng

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Fermentation conditions used in this study were favorable to produce either MS or mycelial pellets (P) from M. robertsii ARSEF 2575. MS development resumed with hyphal aggregates at 18 h post-inoculation, with compact structures appearing at 24 h, and mature pigmented MS propagules at 96 h. This process bears out with MS definition in entomopathogenic fungi, which consists in the formation of dark pigmented and compact hyphal threads with or without a distinct core (Jaronski and Jackson, 2008 ; Jackson and Jaronski, 2009 ; Behle et al, 2013 ; Mascarin et al, 2014 ; Goble et al, 2016 ; Song et al, 2016a , b ; Xin et al, 2020 ). Pellet (P) formation was obtained in a liquid culture medium considered poor by its composition, consisting in a basal medium devoid of salts but constituted of three elements that provided the source of carbon and nitrogen required for propagule development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Tolerance to Abiotic Factors of Microsclerotia and Mycelial Pellets From Metarhizium robertsii, and Molecular and Ultrastructural Changes During Microsclerotial Differentiation

Paixão

Huarte‐Bonnet

Ribeiro-Silva

et al. 2021

Front. Fungal Biol.

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Metarhizium species fungi are able to produce resistant structures termed microsclerotia, formed by compact and melanized threads of hyphae. These propagules are tolerant to desiccation and produce infective conidia; thus, they are promising candidates to use in biological control programs. In this study, we investigated the tolerance to both ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation and heat of microsclerotia of Metarhizium robertsii strain ARSEF 2575. We also adapted the liquid medium and culture conditions to obtain mycelial pellets from the same isolate in order to compare these characteristics between both types of propagules. We followed the peroxisome biogenesis and studied the oxidative stress during differentiation from conidia to microsclerotia by transmission electron microscopy after staining with a peroxidase activity marker and by the expression pattern of genes potentially involved in these processes. We found that despite their twice smaller size, microsclerotia exhibited higher dry biomass, yield, and conidial productivity than mycelial pellets, both with and without UV-B and heat stresses. From the 16 genes measured, we found an induction after 96-h differentiation in the oxidative stress marker genes MrcatA, MrcatP, and Mrgpx; the peroxisome biogenesis factors Mrpex5 and Mrpex14/17; and the photoprotection genes Mrlac1 and Mrlac2; and Mrlac3. We concluded that an oxidative stress scenario is induced during microsclerotia differentiation in M. robertsii and confirmed that because of its tolerance to desiccation, heat, and UV-B, this fungal structure could be an excellent candidate for use in biological control of pests under tropical and subtropical climates where heat and UV radiation are detrimental to entomopathogenic fungi survival and persistence.

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Genomic Determinants of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Involvement in Pathogenesis

Vidhate

Dawkar

Punekar³

et al. 2022

Microb Ecol

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MrMid2, encoding a cell wall stress sensor protein, is required for conidium production, stress tolerance, microsclerotium formation and virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Virulence of Metarhizium rileyi Is Determined by Its Growth and Antioxidant Stress and the Protective and Detoxifying Enzymes of Spodoptera frugiperda

Tolerance to Abiotic Factors of Microsclerotia and Mycelial Pellets From Metarhizium robertsii, and Molecular and Ultrastructural Changes During Microsclerotial Differentiation

Genomic Determinants of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Involvement in Pathogenesis

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