MRI Investigation of the Linkage Between Respiratory Motion of the Heart and Markers on Patient’s Abdomen and Chest: Implications for Respiratory Amplitude Binning List-Mode PET and SPECT Studies

Dasari, Paul; Johnson, Karen; Dey, Joyoni; Lindsay, Clifford; Shazeeb, Mohammed Salman; Mukherjee, Joyeeta Mitra; Zheng, Shaokuan; King, Michael A.

doi:10.1109/tns.2013.2294829

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…This trend was observed for all 19 volunteers of our previous study. 19 Therein a strong pairwise correlation was observed over all-pairs of comparison between the motions of the five chest markers which implies that any of the chest markers could be used for data analysis. Herein, the signal obtained from the chest marker closest to the heart was considered for the purpose of modeling and analysis.…”

Section: B External Respiratory Motion-tracking System: Vtsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The MRI was configured as an external remote-control device which was used to trigger data capture automatically on the . Once established in this way, we have previously determined 19 that synchrony between the clocks of the MRI and  is maintained during the duration of acquisition by determining the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient between the chest wall navigator signal and that from the chest marker nearest the navigator position. Example plots of the AP motion of the markers for one subject are shown in Fig.…”

Section: B External Respiratory Motion-tracking System: Vtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28][29][30] The Bouc-Wen model is popular in mechanical and structural engineering due to its simple numerical implementation and its ability to represent a wide range of hysteretic loop shapes. However, in the plot of cardiac motion with respect to the abdomen marker, the direction of the hysteresis loops appears to be in the counterclockwise direction 19 as illustrated in Fig. 1, while the loops generated by the Bouc-Wen model in its original form are clockwise hysteretic loops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, studies have shown that certain individuals can exhibit hysteresis in which the organs follow different trajectories during the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the respiratory cycle. [17][18][19] The effects of hysteresis have been investigated and reported for lung tumor motion, [20][21][22] and to a lesser extent for heart motion. 17,18 In the presence of hysteresis, for a given displacement of an external respiratory signal (e.g., from markers or bellows on patient's surface), the actual internal motion of the heart can show a variation in its displacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dasari et al, 19 investigated the relationship between the anterior-posterior (AP) motion of external markers on the chest and the abdomen of free-breathing human volunteers using a visual tracking system () 23 (described in Sec. 2.B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation of the modified Bouc–Wen model to compensate for hysteresis in respiratory motion for the list‐mode binning of cardiac SPECT and PET acquisitions: Testing using MRI

et al. 2014

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Purpose: Binning list-mode acquisitions as a function of a surrogate signal related to respiration has been employed to reduce the impact of respiratory motion on image quality in cardiac emission tomography (SPECT and PET). Inherent in amplitude binning is the assumption that there is a monotonic relationship between the amplitude of the surrogate signal and respiratory motion of the heart. This assumption is not valid in the presence of hysteresis when heart motion exhibits a different relationship with the surrogate during inspiration and expiration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the novel approach of using the Bouc-Wen (BW) model to provide a signal accounting for hysteresis when binning list-mode data with the goal of thereby improving motion correction. The study is based on the authors' previous observations that hysteresis between chest and abdomen markers was indicative of hysteresis between abdomen markers and the internal motion of the heart. Methods: In 19 healthy volunteers, they determined the internal motion of the heart and diaphragm in the superior-inferior direction during free breathing using MRI navigators. A visual tracking system () synchronized with MRI acquisition tracked the anterior-posterior motions of external markers placed on the chest and abdomen. These data were employed to develop and test the Bouc-Wen model by inputting the  derived chest and abdomen motions into it and using the resulting output signals as surrogates for cardiac motion. The data of the volunteers were divided into training and testing sets. The training set was used to obtain initial values for the model parameters for all of the volunteers in the set, and for set members based on whether they were or were not classified as exhibiting hysteresis using a metric derived from the markers. These initial parameters were then employed with the testing set to estimate output signals. Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between the abdomen, chest, average of chest and abdomen markers, and Bouc-Wen derived signals versus the true internal motion of the heart from MRI was used to judge the signals match to the heart motion. Results: The results show that the Bouc-Wen model generated signals demonstrated strong correlation with the heart motion. This correlation was slightly larger on average than that of the external surrogate signals derived from the abdomen marker, and average of the abdomen and chest markers, but was not statistically significantly different from them. Conclusions: The results suggest that the proposed model has the potential to be a unified framework for modeling hysteresis in respiratory motion in cardiac perfusion studies and beyond. C 2014 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx

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Section: B External Respiratory Motion-tracking System: Vtsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: B External Respiratory Motion-tracking System: Vtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation of the modified Bouc–Wen model to compensate for hysteresis in respiratory motion for the list‐mode binning of cardiac SPECT and PET acquisitions: Testing using MRI

et al. 2014

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Correction of hysteretic respiratory motion in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging: Simulation and patient studies

et al. 2017

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Purpose Amplitude based respiratory gating is known to capture the extent of respiratory motion (RM) accurately but results in residual motion in the presence of respiratory hysteresis. In our previous study, we proposed and developed a novel approach to account for respiratory hysteresis by applying the Bouc-Wen (BW) model of hysteresis to external surrogate signals of anterior / posterior motion of the abdomen and chest with respiration. In this work using simulated and clinical SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) studies, we investigate the effects of respiratory hysteresis and evaluate the benefit of correcting it using the proposed BW model in comparison with the abdomen signal typically employed clinically. Methods The MRI navigator data acquired in free breathing human volunteers were used in the specially modified 4-D NCAT phantoms to allow simulating three types of respiratory patterns: monotonic, mild-hysteresis, and strong-hysteresis with normal myocardial uptake, and perfusion defects in the anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal locations of the mid-ventricular wall. Clinical scans were performed using a 99mTc-Sestamibi MPI protocol while recording respiratory signals from thoracic and abdomen regions using a Visual Tracking System (VTS). The performance of the correction using the respiratory signals was assessed through polar map analysis in phantom and ten clinical studies selected on the basis of having substantial RM. Results In phantom studies, simulations illustrating normal myocardial uptake showed significant differences (p<0.001) in the uniformity of the polar maps between the RM uncorrected and corrected. No significant differences were seen in the polar map uniformity across the RM corrections. Studies simulating perfusion defects showed significantly decreased errors (p<0.001) in defect severity and extent for the RM corrected compared to the uncorrected. Only for the strong-hysteretic pattern was there a significant difference (p<0.001) among the RM corrections. The errors in defect severity and extent for the RM correction using abdomen signal were significantly higher compared to that of the BW (severity=-4.0%, p<0.001; extent=-65.4%, p<0.01) and chest (severity=-4.1%, p<0.001; extent=-52.5%, p<0.01) signals. In clinical studies, the quantitative analysis of the polar maps demonstrated qualitative and quantitative but not statistically significant differences (p=0.73) between the correction methods that used the BW signal and the abdominal signal. Conclusions This study shows that hysteresis in respiration affects the extent of residual motion left in the RM binned data, which can impact wall uniformity and the visualization of defects. Thus there appears to be the potential for improved accuracy in reconstruction in the presence of hysteretic RM with the BW model method providing a possible step in the direction of improvement.

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Clinical evaluation of three respiratory gating schemes for different respiratory patterns on cardiac SPECT

et al. 2020

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Purpose: Respiratory gating reduces respiratory blur in cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). It can be implemented as three gating schemes: (a) equal amplitude-based gating (AG); (b) phase or time-based gating (TG); or (c) equal count-based gating (CG), that is, a variant of amplitude-based method. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these respiratory gating methods for patients with different respiratory patterns in myocardial perfusion SPECT. Methods: We reviewed 1274 anonymized patient respiratory traces obtained via the Vicon motiontracking system during their 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT scans and grouped them into four breathing categories: (a) regular respiration (RR); (b) periodic respiration (PR); (c) respiration with apnea (AR); and (d) unclassified respiration (UR). For each respiratory pattern, 15 patients were randomly selected and their list-mode data were rebinned using the three gating schemes. A preliminary reconstruction was performed for each gate with the heart region segmented and registered to a reference gate to estimate the respiratory motion. A final reconstruction incorporating respiratory motion correction was done to get a final image set. The estimated respiratory motion, the full-width-at-halfmaxima (FWHM) measured across the image intensity profile of the left ventricle wall, as well as the normalized standard deviation measured in a uniform cuboid region of the thorax were analyzed. Results: There are 47.1%, 24.3%, 13.5%, and 15.1% RR, PR, AR, and UR patients, respectively, among the 1274 patients in this study. The differences among the three gating schemes in RR were smaller than other respiratory patterns. The AG and CG methods showed statistically larger motion estimation than TG particularly in the AR and PR patterns. Noise of AG varied more in different gates, especially for AR and UR patterns. Conclusion: More than half of the patients reviewed exhibited nonregular breathing patterns. Amplitude-based gating, that is, AG and CG, is a preferred gating method for such patterns and is a robust respiratory gating implementation method given the respiratory pattern of the patients is unknown before data acquisition. Phase gating is also a feasible option for regular respiratory pattern.

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MRI Investigation of the Linkage Between Respiratory Motion of the Heart and Markers on Patient’s Abdomen and Chest: Implications for Respiratory Amplitude Binning List-Mode PET and SPECT Studies

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Adaptation of the modified Bouc–Wen model to compensate for hysteresis in respiratory motion for the list‐mode binning of cardiac SPECT and PET acquisitions: Testing using MRI

Adaptation of the modified Bouc–Wen model to compensate for hysteresis in respiratory motion for the list‐mode binning of cardiac SPECT and PET acquisitions: Testing using MRI

Correction of hysteretic respiratory motion in SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging: Simulation and patient studies

Clinical evaluation of three respiratory gating schemes for different respiratory patterns on cardiac SPECT

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