2002
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-1744-0
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MRI findings of hypoxic cortical laminar necrosis in a child with hemolytic anemia crisis

Abstract: We present magnetic resonance imaging findings of a 5-year-old girl who had a rapidly installing hemolytic anemia crisis induced by trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole, resulting in cerebral anoxia leading to permanent damage. Magnetic Resonance imaging revealed cortical laminar necrosis in arterial border zones in both cerebral hemispheres, ischemic changes in subcortical white matter of left cerebral hemisphere, and in the left putamen. Although cortical laminar necrosis is a classic entity in adulthood related to… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…In our population the lesions were distributed in the cerebral cortex, with gyriform pattern and sparing of the subcortical white matter, which are characteristics compatible with the radiological diagnosis of CLN. 13 While no signal abnormalities were detected in the acute phase on T1-weighted or SWI sequences, T2-weighted and FLAIR images already showed hyperintense cortical lesions without involvement of the adjacent white matter in 21% and 43% of patients, respectively. These findings are concordant with prior studies reporting laminar cortical hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging visible only 2 weeks after the initial clinical manifestations 14 and no significant abnormalities on additional T2-weighted gradient echo or SWI sequences that could reflect the presence of paramagnetic substances such as haemosiderin or calcifications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…In our population the lesions were distributed in the cerebral cortex, with gyriform pattern and sparing of the subcortical white matter, which are characteristics compatible with the radiological diagnosis of CLN. 13 While no signal abnormalities were detected in the acute phase on T1-weighted or SWI sequences, T2-weighted and FLAIR images already showed hyperintense cortical lesions without involvement of the adjacent white matter in 21% and 43% of patients, respectively. These findings are concordant with prior studies reporting laminar cortical hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging visible only 2 weeks after the initial clinical manifestations 14 and no significant abnormalities on additional T2-weighted gradient echo or SWI sequences that could reflect the presence of paramagnetic substances such as haemosiderin or calcifications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…Surgical intervention successfully controlled the patient's ICP but the chronic hypoperfusion, persisting for 1 week since the onset of the symptoms, resulted in diffuse cortical laminar necrosis. Cortical laminar necrosis is a classic entity in adulthood related to the conditions of energy depletions, 11) so the present pediatric presentation is very unusual.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…14,15) Cortical laminar necrosis is a classic entity in adulthood related to conditions of energy depletions, but is little known in children and infants. 11) Here we present unique imaging findings of a 3-month-old boy, who suffered critically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) due to bilateral subdural hematomas, resulting in diffuse cortical laminar necrosis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…通常,脳血流は血圧の変動時にも平均動脈圧50~150mmHgまでの間では自動調節機能により一定に維持されるとされており,心停止蘇生後や,それに近い切迫心停止のような重度のショックでなければ,低酸素脳症に至るようなことはないと考えられている。しかしながら,頭部外傷や高血圧がある場合,自動調節機能により脳血流が維持される下限域の血圧が高値に偏位するとされている 4)。自験例では,搬送時に意識障害は認めず,病歴聴取や画像所見からも頭部外傷の合併を疑う所見はみられなかった。また切迫心停止のようなショック状態ではなかったが,既往に高血圧が指摘されていた。そのため,高血圧に出血性ショックに起因する血圧低下が加わったことにより,脳血流の維持が不十分となった可能性が考えられる。また通常,Hb低下時の代償機構としては,心拍出量の増大または脳血流量の上昇のいずれかが低酸素脳症を回避させるとされている 5)が,急性発症のため,代償機構が十分に作用せずに低酸素脳症を生じた例も報告されている 6)。そのため,止血が得られるまでの間に出血に伴う血圧低下と急激なHbの低下が合わさった結果,代償機構が追いつかず脳への酸素供給量が低下し,低酸素脳症を発症した可能性が考えられる。また解剖学的特徴から,脳血流低下時において淡蒼球は虚血を起こしやすい部位であるとされており 1),これが両側の淡蒼球に病変を認めた低酸素脳症の発症機序であると推察された。通常の出血性ショックではこうした病態は一般に発生しないが,極めて稀にこうした病態が発生しうることを示した貴重な症例と言える。また高血圧と同様に,脳血流の自動調節機能が偏位するとされる重症頭部外傷における急性期管理では,収縮期血圧>110mmHg,平均動脈圧>90mmHg,Hb>10g/dLが目標とされている 7)。既往に高血圧がある患者が出血性ショックに陥った際にも,同様に通常より血圧やHb濃度を高く保つことを考慮することが必要である可能性があり,今後も検討が必要である。…”
Section: 考  察unclassified