MR Urography: Techniques and Clinical Applications

Leyendecker, John R.; Barnes, Craig E.; Zagoria, Ronald J.

doi:10.1148/rg.281075077

Cited by 150 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Current study MRU with T1WI, T2WI 83% Table 10 MRU performed in a pregnant woman 12,19,20 in the second trimester showed compression of mid ureter with tapering at the pelvic brim. Ureter below this level of compression is relatively collapsed.…”

Section: Sl Nomentioning

confidence: 86%

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Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

S¹,

M²,

Jayalatha³

2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDThe key element, iodine set the stage for all future developments in contrast material for radiographic imaging. From this stage, extensive development of the quality of contrast medium has grown immensely to the present stage of non-ionic contrast media which are considered to be safe. The aims of this study are-1. To study the efficacy of static MR urography in comparison with conventional urography. 2. To study the levels and causes of obstruction of urinary tract by MR urography and compare them with other investigation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS120 patients who presented with clinical symptoms and signs pertaining to renal diseases and were positive on conventional MRI from Department of Radiodiagnosis, Osmania Medical College/ Hospital, Hyderabad, were selected for this study. This is an Institution-based cross-sectional study. MRU was performed on SIGNA HD 1.5 Tesla MRI, GE Healthcare (Milwaukee, USA). A body coil and commercially available software were used. SIGNA HD 1.5T is a diagnostic imaging device, which generates and displays transverse, sagittal, coronal and paraxial whole body images. Before performing MR urography, 3-plane localiser obtained in three planes was used to confirm optimum patient positioning; axial and coronal T2 weighted single shot FSE sequences of KUB region were taken, (TR 1615 msec, TE 88 msec, FOV 38 x 38, Matrix 256 x 256, NEX 0.56, TA 49 sec). The imaging method was based on the physical principle of magnetic resonance (MR). During the measurement, the patient was placed on the strong homogeneous magnetic field. The hydrogen nuclei (protons) distributed throughout the entire body tissue generate signals when stimulated by an RF field. These signals were processed into images by a computer. RESULTSIn our study, 3D respiratory triggered sequences 3D FR FSE (Fast Recovery Fast Spin Echo) sequence was used. It provides high signal intensity of fluid even with short repetition time. After signal decay at end of echo train, a negative 90 degree pulse align spins with long T2 from transverse plane to longitudinal plane leading to a much faster recovery of tissues with long T2 time to equilibrium and thus better contrast between tissues with long and short T2. A frequency-selective fat-saturation pulse was used to reduce signal from retroperitoneal fat. During a period of 3 years, a total of 120 patients formed the study group. This included 52 females (43%) and 68 males (57%). Most patients in this study group belonged to the 3 rd decade. Commonest complaint in this study was pain followed by dysuria. MR Urography images were of relatively good quality. Distension of urinary bladder aided in better visualisation of upper urinary tract. We had considerable difficulty in removal of overlying bowel from images of few patients. Renal sizes could be easily measured, renal contours were normal, no masses and other parenchymal abnormalities were seen. Calyceal, forniceal and infundibular anatomy was not seen with the same detail as with an IVU. Anatomy of retrop...

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Section: Sl Nomentioning

confidence: 86%

“…2 MRU can be used to evaluate urinary tract without ionising radiation and iodinated contrast material. 3,12 In the past, most authors used RARE (Rapid Acquisition Relaxation Enhancement), first described by Hennig et al in 1986. 4,5 Heavily T2 weighted turbo spin echo pulse sequences were used to obtain water images of urinary tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

S¹,

M²,

Jayalatha³

2017

jemds

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“…This characterizes the extent of urologic changes, and identifies the presence of calculi, compressive masses, and other anatomical abnormalities [4]. Magnetic resonance urography may also play an important role because it allows optimal noninvasive evaluation of many abnormalities of the urinary tract, including urinary tract obstruction [5]. Additionally, new gadolinium-based contrast agents associated with a few/unconfirmed cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (like Gadobenate dimeglumineMultiHance®), may be used safely even with severe renal dysfunction [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary obstructive giant megaureter leading to massive pyogenic urinary infection

Fonseca¹,

Ide²,

Veríssimo³

et al. 2017

IJCRI

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International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations. IJCRI publishes Review

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“…Use of a very low dose (2 mL) of gadolinium contrast material has been described to obtain pyelographic phase images [18][19][20]. However, such a low dose of gadolinium contrast material is unlikely to produce diagnostic quality nephrographic phase images [9,21].…”

Section: Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9), blood clot or debris (Fig. 10a,b), fungus ball, sloughed papilla, and gas [21]. However, absence of identifiable enhancement does not exclude tumor and often follow-up imaging or further workup is required [9].…”

Section: Filling Defect or Focal Enhancing Lesion In Urinary Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR urography for suspected upper tract urothelial carcinoma

et al. 2008

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The key components of the MR urography protocol for suspected upper tract urothelial carcinoma are coronal T2-weighted hydrographic sequences without contrast agent and coronal gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted 3D-spoiled gradient-recalled echo in nephrographic and pyelographic phases. Upper tract urothelial carcinomas can be categorized into papillary tumor, flat tumor, and infiltrative tumor based on the growth pattern and extent. Papillary lesions appear as small filling defects of soft tissue signal on T2-weighted hydrographic and T1-weighted pyelographic phase images. On nephrographic phase images, the lesions show homogeneous enhancement. A flat tumor appears as a segmental area of diffuse thickening and enhancement of the urinary tract wall on nephrographic phase images. Infiltrative tumor often appears as a large heterogeneously enhancing mass. MR urography is a promising alternative for CT urography in the evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma, especially when the patient has a contraindication to iodinated contrast material.

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MR Urography: Techniques and Clinical Applications

Cited by 150 publications

References 68 publications

Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

Non-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Urography- A Prospective Study

Secondary obstructive giant megaureter leading to massive pyogenic urinary infection

MR urography for suspected upper tract urothelial carcinoma

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