MR Spectroscopic Studies of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders

Maddock, Richard J.; Buonocore, Michael H.

doi:10.1007/7854_2011_197

Cited by 225 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 243 publications

(327 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

196

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Under basal conditions, the MRS GABA signal arises mostly or almost entirely from the large cytoplasmic GABA pool in GABAergic neurons, the functional significance of which is not known (22). Therefore, MRS GABA seems unlikely to reflect primarily the activity of GABAergic interneurons, including those within gamma-generating networks (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting GABA and glutamate concentrations do not predict visual gamma frequency or amplitude

Cousijn

Haegens

Wallis

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gamma band oscillations arise in neuronal networks of interconnected GABAergic interneurons and excitatory pyramidal cells. A previous study found a correlation between visual gamma peak frequency, as measured with magnetoencephalography, and resting GABA levels, as measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in 12 healthy volunteers. If true, this would allow studies in clinical populations testing modulation of this relationship, but this finding has not been replicated. We addressed this important question by measuring gamma oscillations and GABA, as well as glutamate, in 50 healthy volunteers. Visual gamma activity was evoked using an established gratings paradigm, and we applied a beamformer spatial filtering technique to extract source-reconstructed gamma peak frequency and amplitude from the occipital lobe. We determined gamma peak frequency and amplitude from the location with maximal activation and from the location of the MRS voxel to assess the relationship of GABA with gamma. Gamma peak frequency was estimated from the highest value of the raw spectra and by a Gaussian fit to the spectra. MRS data were acquired from occipital cortex. We did not replicate the previously found correlation between gamma peak frequency and GABA concentration. Calculation of a Bayes factor provided strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. We also did not find a correlation between gamma activity and glutamate or between gamma and the ratio of GABA/glutamate. Our results suggest that cortical gamma oscillations do not have a consistent, demonstrable relationship to excitatory/inhibitory network activity as proxied by MRS measurements of GABA and glutamate. G amma band oscillations (30-90 Hz) are found in many cortical areas and are thought to play an important role in cognitive processing (1). Both experimental and modeling studies have shown that the gamma rhythm is inextricably linked to synaptic inhibition (2-4). GABA-mediated inhibition is both necessary and sufficient for the generation of gamma oscillations, and mutually connected inhibitory interneuron networks are major generators of gamma oscillations (4-6). In addition, fast recurrent excitation followed by slower feedback inhibitions can give rise to gamma oscillations (3, 7). Most likely, excitation-inhibition and inhibition-inhibition hybrid gamma networks work together to generate gamma frequency oscillations (2, 8).In vitro and modeling studies have clearly shown the importance of GABA for the generation of gamma oscillations, but the relationship between GABA and gamma is not easily assessed in the human brain. Muthukumaraswamy and colleagues (9) attempted to assess this relationship by correlating resting GABA concentrations as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with visual gamma oscillations as measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG). MRS provides a noninvasive method of quantifying metabolite concentrations in discrete regions of the human brain, but it can only detect the total concentration of a neurochemical and cannot...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting GABA and glutamate concentrations do not predict visual gamma frequency or amplitude

Cousijn

Haegens

Wallis

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Here, to our knowledge, we characterized for the first time, through HR-MAS NMR analysis, the metabolic fingerprint of intact human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells and their culture medium. Metabolites with an important role in the central nervous system functionality have been identified (Maddock and Buonocore 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the NMR Metabolic Profile of Live Human Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Interferon-α2

Righi

Schenetti

Mucci

et al. 2015

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interferon (IFN)-α2 is an extensively therapeutically used pro-inflammatory cytokine. Though its efficacy in controlling viral replication and tumor cells proliferation, administration of IFN-α2 is often associated with the development of central side effects. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have demonstrated that IFN-α2 administration affects brain metabolism, however the exact nature of this effect is not completely known. We hypothesized that IFN-α2 can affect metabolic activity of human neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells which possess many characteristics of neurons and represent one of the most used models for studying mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity or neuroprotection. To test our hypothesis we have characterized the metabolic signature of live SH-SY5Y, and their conditioned media, after 24 and 72 h of exposure to vehicle or IFN-α2 (100 ng/ml) by using High Resolution-Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our results revealed that 1) the use of HR-MAS NMR is ideally suitable for the characterization of the metabolic profile of live cells and their conditioned media without extraction procedures; and 2) a 72 h exposure to IFN-α2 increases the level of metabolites involved in maintaining energetic (including creatine and lactate) and osmotic (such as myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, taurine and glycerophosphorylcholine) balances in neuron-like cells and of metabolic waste products (namely lactate, ethanol and acetate), glycine and glutamine in their growth media. These results may contribute to gain more knowledge about the IFN-α2 induced effect on the brain and support the interpretation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies performed in humans.

show abstract

“…Because phosphatidylcholine, as a primary phospholipid, is found at higher levels in myelin, cell membranes and brain parenchyma [45] , it may have a crucial role for development of neuropsychiatric disorders in dogs as in humans [45] . In addition, excessive serum levels of NEFA, as observed in the present study, were reported to enhance oxidative stress [46] leading to several neuropsychiatric diseases including OCD [47] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kompulsif Kuyruk Isıran Köpeklerin Serum Leptin ve Ghrelin Seviyeleri ve Serum Kortizol, Tiroid Hormonları, Lipidler, Homosistein ve Folik Asit İle İlişkileri

Yalçın¹,

Yılmaz²,

Özarda³

2017

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citation of This ArticleYalcın E, Yilmaz Z, Ozarda Y: Serum leptin and ghrelin levels and their relationship with serum cortisol, thyroid hormones, lipids, homocysteine and folic acid in dogs with compulsive tail chasing. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 23 (2): 227-232, 2017. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2016 AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate serum leptin and ghrelin levels and their relations with circulating cortisol, thyroid hormones, lipids, homocysteine (Hcy) and folic acid in dogs with compulsive tail chasing (CTC). The material of this study consists of fifteen dogs with CTC and 15 healthy controls of various weights, breeds, ages of both sexes were enrolled in the study. CTC was diagnosed on the basis of the dog's behavioral history, clinical signs, and results of other medical assessments. None of the dogs were considered to have concurrent medical disease that would account for CTC. Dogs with CTC had a higher leptin (8.3±0.9 ng/mL vs 1.7±0.2 ng/mL, P<0.001) and lower ghrelin levels (74±7 pg/mL vs 144±41 pg/mL, P<0.05) than those of healthy controls. Serum cortisol, lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids and NEFA) and Hcy levels increased (P<0.05), whereas serum folic acid decreased (P<0.001) in dogs with CTC as compared with controls. Serum ghrelin correlated negatively with cholesterol (P<0.05), but serum leptin correlated positively with cholesterol, fT4, and phospholipids (P<0.05). These results suggest that serum leptin and ghrelin levels may bring up a new perspective on our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with CTC. Serum levels of both hormones may be associated with serum levels of lipids and free T4. Keywords

show abstract

MR Spectroscopic Studies of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 225 publications

References 243 publications

Resting GABA and glutamate concentrations do not predict visual gamma frequency or amplitude

Resting GABA and glutamate concentrations do not predict visual gamma frequency or amplitude

Changes in the NMR Metabolic Profile of Live Human Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Interferon-α2

Kompulsif Kuyruk Isıran Köpeklerin Serum Leptin ve Ghrelin Seviyeleri ve Serum Kortizol, Tiroid Hormonları, Lipidler, Homosistein ve Folik Asit İle İlişkileri

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About