MR imaging determination of the normal level of conus medullaris

Demiryürek, Deniz; Aydıngöz, Üstün; Aksit, M. D.; Yener, Nuran; Geyik, Pınar Özdemir

doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00451-5

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This caudal level is similar to the findings of the study conducted by Demiryürek et al (2002). The results of similar studies are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The similarity of this level to the findings in the newborn / infant group supports the results that were found in the current study, which was found to be most frequently at the level of L2. Demiryürek et al (2002) studied a large sample of lumbar MRIs (n = 639) to determine the range of conus medullaris levels in adults patients (ages 20 to 69 years). The authors found that the spinal cord terminated between the T11/T12 interlaminar space and the upper third of L3.…”

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive study of the differences in the level of the conus medullaris in four different age groups

2015

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INTRODUCTION:In performing neuraxial procedures, knowledge of the location of the conus medullaris in patients of all ages is important. The aim of this study was to determine the location of conus medullaris in a sample of 2 newborn/infant cadavers and sagittal MRIs of children, adolescents and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of both the samples were subdivided into four developmental stages. No statistical difference was seen between the three older age groups (p>0.05). A significant difference was evident when the newborn/infant stage was compared with the other, older stages (p<0.001 for all comparisons). RESULTS: In the newborn/infant group the spinal cord terminated most frequently at the level of L2/L3 (16%). In the childhood stage, the spinal cord terminated at the levels of T12/L1 and the lower third of L1 (21%). In the adolescent population, it was most often found at the level of the middle third of L1 and L1/L2 (19%). Finally, in the young adult group, the spinal cord terminated at the level of L1/L2 (25%). This study confirmed the different level of spinal cord termination between newborns/infants less than one year old and subjects older than one year. In this sample the conus medullaris was not found caudal to the L3 vertebral body, which is more cranial than the prescribed level of needle insertion recommended for lumbar neuraxial procedures. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that the exact level of spinal cord termination should be determined prior to attempting lumbar neuraxial procedures in newborns or infants.

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“…This caudal level is similar to the findings of the study conducted by Demiryürek et al (2002). The results of similar studies are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive study of the differences in the level of the conus medullaris in four different age groups

2015

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“…The mean conus position was the lower third of L1 (range from the middle third of T12 to the upper third of L3). Demiryurek et al [3] revealed that the level of the conus medullaris was most commonly located at the T12 -L1 intervertebral disc level in 639 patients using MR imaging. In Korea, Kim et al (2003) reported that the conus medullaris was positioned at L1-lower (median), ranged from T12-upper to L3-upper, with MR imaging study [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, many investigators evaluated the tip level of the conus medullaris. In the studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tip level of the conus medullaris ranged from vertebra T11 to vertebra L3, average about L1 level [1][2][3][4]. Many reports and textbooks based on cadaver dissection studies described that the level of termination of the conus medullaris ranges between the T12 vertebra and L3 vertebra, average about L1-2 intervertebral disc level [5][6][7][8][9][10] or upper third of L2 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Tip Level of the Conus Medullaris by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cadaver Studies in Korean Adults

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2016

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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: The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system, and its caudal end is named as the conus medullaris. Many researchers have reported the tip level of the conus medullaris by magnetic resonance imaging studies; others by cadaver dissection. The tip level of magnetic resonance imaging studies seemed to be higher than that of cadaver studies.We evaluated the tip level the conus medullaris with magnetic resonance imaging and cadaver dissection in Korean adult population. MR data were scanned with T1-weighted, mid-sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of 248 living persons (mean age, 42.3±16.0 years; range, 12-85 years) and cadaver data were collected by dissections of 118 cadavers (mean age, 56.0±14.9 years; range, 16-94 years). The mean level of conus tip was found to be at the middle third of 1st lumbar vertebra (range, lower third T12 -lower third L2) from magnetic resonance imaging study and the upper third of 2nd lumbar vertebra (range, lower third T12 -lower third L3) from cadaver dissection study. The tip level of conus medullaris from magnetic resonance imaging study was higher than that from cadaver dissection study (p<0.05).

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Anatomical relationship and positions of the lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord according to the vertebral bodies and the spinal roots

et al. 2013

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Segments of the spinal cord generally do not correspond to the respective vertebral level and there are many anatomical variations in terms of the segment and the level of vertebra. The aim of this study is to investigate the variations and levels of lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments with reference to the axilla of the T11, T12, and L1 spinal nerve roots and adjacent vertebrae. Morphometric measurements were made on 16 formalin fixed adult cadaveric spinal cords. We observed termination of the spinal cord between the axilla of the L1 and L2 spinal nerve roots in 15 specimens (93.8%). In all cadavers the emergence of the T11, T12, and the L1 spinal nerve roots was at the level of the lower one-third of the same vertebral body. In 15 specimens (93.8%), the beginning of the lumbar spinal cord segment was found to be above the T11 spinal nerve root axilla and corresponded to the upper one-third of the T11 vertebral body. The beginning of the sacral spinal cord segment occurred above the L1 spinal nerve root axilla and corresponded to the upper one-third of the L1 vertebral body. The results of this study showed that when the conus medullaris is located at the L1-L2 level, the beginning of the lumbar spinal cord segment always corresponds to the body of T11 vertebra. This study provides detailed information about the correspondence of the spinal cord segments with reference to the axilla of the spinal nerve roots.

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MR imaging determination of the normal level of conus medullaris

Cited by 48 publications

References 7 publications

Descriptive study of the differences in the level of the conus medullaris in four different age groups

Descriptive study of the differences in the level of the conus medullaris in four different age groups

The Tip Level of the Conus Medullaris by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cadaver Studies in Korean Adults

Anatomical relationship and positions of the lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord according to the vertebral bodies and the spinal roots

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