MR Imaging Criteria for the Prediction of Extranodal Spread of Metastatic Cancer in the Neck

Kimura, Yasuo; Sumi, Misa; Sakihama, Naoko; Tanaka, Fumihiro; Takahashi, Haruo; Nakamura, Takashi

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1088

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An ill-defined margin in cervical node metastases from head and neck cancer is a highly specific sign of extracapsular tumour spread, which is predictive of poor prognosis. 24,25 Central necrosis in cervical lymph node metastases is also reported to be a predictor of extracapsular spread. 25,26 Regardless of whether an illdefined margin and central necrosis predict poor prognosis in metastases to the parotid nodes, radiologists should be aware that they can have varied margin characteristics and occasionally have central necrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastases to the parotid nodes: CT and MR imaging findings

Kashiwagi¹,

Murakami²,

Toguchi³

et al. 2016

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To present and characterize CT and MR imaging findings of metastases to the parotid nodes. Methods: CT (n 5 10) and MR (n 5 11) images from 14 patients with metastases to the parotid nodes were reviewed. The primary tumour sites were the ocular adnexa in five patients, facial skin in four patients, upper aerodigestive tract in four patients and thyroid gland in one patient. CT and MR images were evaluated with emphasis on the size and number of parotid tumours, their location in the parotid gland, the presence of associated clinically pathological cervical nodes or previous history of cervical node metastasis, margin characteristics and the presence of central necrosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastases to the parotid nodes: CT and MR imaging findings

Kashiwagi¹,

Murakami²,

Toguchi³

et al. 2016

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…Cervical lymphadenopathy was subdivided into specific anatomic subsites according to imaging-based delineation of cervical lymph nodes[8]. The diagnosis of nodal involvement was made radiologically on the demonstration of one or more of the following criteria[9]: central necrosis, extracapsular neoplastic spread, and size (shortest axial diameter equal to or greater than 5 mm in the retropharyngeal region, 11 mm in the jugulodigastric region, and 10 mm in all other regions of the neck; or a group of three or more nodes that were borderline in size in all cervical regions).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: magnetic resonance imaging features in ten cases

Liu¹,

Xie²,

Li³

et al. 2013

Chin J Cancer

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Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (NACC) is a rare malignancy with high local invasiveness. To date, there is no consensus on the imaging characteristics of NACC. To address this, we retrospectively reviewed 10 cases of NACC and summarized the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. MR images of 10 patients with histologically validated NACC were reviewed by two experienced radiologists. The location, shape, margin, signal intensity, lesion texture, contrast enhancement patterns, local invasion, and cervical lymphadenopathy of all tumors were evaluated. Clinical and pathologic records were also reviewed. No patients were positive for antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The imaging patterns of primary tumors were classified into two types as determined by location, shape, and margin. Of all patients, 7 had tumors with a type 1 imaging pattern and 3 had tumors with a type 2 imaging pattern. The 4 tubular NACCs were all homogeneous tumors, whereas 3 (60%) of 5 cribriform NACCs and the sole solid NACC were heterogeneous tumors with separations or central necrosis on MR images. Five patients had perineural infiltration and intracranial involvement, and only 2 had cervical lymphadenopathy. Based on these results, we conclude that NACC is a local, aggressive neoplasm that is often negative for EBV infection and associated with a low incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy. Furthermore, MRI features of NACC vary in locations and histological subtypes.

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“…ECS is classically diagnosed on imaging when the nodes appear matted or the nodal outline appeared streaky; however, imaging is not always accurate for identifying extracapsular spread. 16,66,68,69 Given the impact on prognosis and highly variable Possibly exuberant T cell-mediated immune response to variety of nonspecific stimuli Associated with increased incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus appearance of lymph nodes without extracapsular spread, many experts are now moving away from trying to identify extracapsular extension on imaging without blatant destruction of the lymph node capsule or evident adjacent spread into the surrounding tissues.…”

Section: Imaging Role In Squamous Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%