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MRE and TE detected liver fibrosis with comparable accuracy. In particular, the srROIs method was effective for detecting of significant fibrosis.

Objectives: To present and characterize CT and MR imaging findings of metastases to the parotid nodes. Methods: CT (n 5 10) and MR (n 5 11) images from 14 patients with metastases to the parotid nodes were reviewed. The primary tumour sites were the ocular adnexa in five patients, facial skin in four patients, upper aerodigestive tract in four patients and thyroid gland in one patient. CT and MR images were evaluated with emphasis on the size and number of parotid tumours, their location in the parotid gland, the presence of associated clinically pathological cervical nodes or previous history of cervical node metastasis, margin characteristics and the presence of central necrosis.

Secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and postabortion hemorrhage are rare complications. Retained products of conception (RPOC) is among the most common causes of both secondary PPH and postabortion hemorrhage. Other less common causes of secondary PPH are uterine vascular abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and pseudoaneurysms. These are usually related to a history of a procedure such as dilation and curettage or cesarean delivery. Subinvolution of the placental site is an idiopathic cause of secondary PPH; this condition may be underrecognized and therefore could have a higher incidence than currently reported. Gestational trophoblastic disease is rare but commonly presents as secondary PPH and resembles RPOC in radiologic appearance. The first-line imaging modality for secondary PPH is ultrasound, but computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may be used if the ultrasound findings are indeterminate. Angiography is an important tool for the definitive diagnosis of uterine vascular abnormalities. Appropriate management requires radiologists to be familiar with the multimodality imaging features of secondary PPH or postabortion hemorrhage.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization for the palliation of radiotherapy (RT)-failure bone metastases (BMs) with those of re-radiotherapy (Re-RT) in achieving pain relief.Materials and Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with RT-failure BMs who had undergone Re-RT (23 patients) and transarterial chemoembolization (27 patients) were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was clinical response, and the secondary endpoints were objective response and adverse events. Pain assessment was performed using the numerical rating scale, and tumor response was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Pain relief was defined as lack of pain with no analgesic usage (complete pain response) or a decrease in pain score by !3 points with analgesic usage (partial pain response).Results: The pain relief rates in the Re-RT and transarterial chemoembolization groups were 57% and 92%, respectively (P ¼ .006). The median pain relief duration was 2 and 3 months in the Re-RT and transarterial chemoembolization groups, respectively (P ¼ .002). The 6-month pain-free survival rates were 30% and 51% in the Re-RT and transarterial chemoembolization groups, respectively (P ¼ .08). The median tumor reduction rates were -4% and 9% in the Re-RT and transarterial chemoembolization groups, respectively (P < .001). The objective response rates were 0% and 11% in the Re-RT and transarterial chemoembolization groups, respectively (P ¼ .29). No serious adverse events or complications were observed.Conclusions: Transarterial chemoembolization achieved a superior response rate and longer duration of palliation in symptomatic RTfailure BMs. ABBREVIATIONSBMs ¼ bone metastases, NRS ¼ numerical rating scale, RT ¼ radiotherapy Bone metastases (BMs) are a major cause of morbidity, resulting in pain, pathological fracture, and spinal cord compression (1,2). In general, painful BMs are treated via radiotherapy (RT). Approximately 60%-90% of patients experience pain relief after RT (3,4), although 1 metaanalysis (5) has demonstrated that within the first year, pain exacerbation due to tumor regrowth can occur after RT in approximately 50% of patients, including RT responders. In patients with recurrent BMs for whom salvage surgery is not indicated, re-radiotherapy (Re-RT) is a standard second-line treatment option (6,7), with 8%-42% of the patients receiving this treatment (8,9). However, another meta-analysis on Re-RT (6) reported pain relief rates of approximately 58% for Re-RT, which are unsatisfactory.

Abstract:Hepatic necrosis after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is rare because of the dual blood supply to the hepatic parenchyma via the portal vein and hepatic artery. We describe a patient with blunt hepatic injury who had a portal-systemic venous shunt in the right posterior segment of the liver and who suffered a fatal hepatic necrosis after TAE. A 74-year-old female with blunt hepatic injury was treated by TAE: both the right hepatic artery and middle hepatic artery were embolized using gelatin sponge particles. She developed multiple organ failure and died four days after the TAE. Autopsy revealed massive necrosis in the right lobe and left medial segment of the liver. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of hepatic necrosis after TAE for blunt liver trauma related to a portal-systemic venous shunt.

There are three types of breast cancer recurrence which can occur after initial treatment: local, regional, and distant. Distant metastases are more frequent than local and regional recurrences. It usually occurs several years after the primary breast cancer, although it is sometimes diagnosed at the same time as the primary breast cancer. Although the common distant metastases are bone, lung and liver, breast cancer has the potential to metastasize to almost any region of the body. Early detection and treatment of distant metastases improves the prognosis, therefore radiologists and clinicians should recognize the possibility of metastasis from breast cancer and grasp the imaging characteristics. In this report, we demonstrate the imaging characteristics of metastases from breast cancer to uncommon sites.

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