MR angiography of the abdominal aorta and peripheral vessels

ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 Expert Consensus Document on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

“…For improved visualization of the distal extremity (ie, infrapopliteal and/or pedal) arteries, the bolus chase MRA can be supplemented by a dedicated separate contrast-enhanced 3D MRA using traditional timed arterial-phase CE-MRA312 or multiphase, time-resolved CE-MRA methods 313,314. The supplement of bolus chase MRA with dedicated distal lower extremity MRA (Figure 15), also called “the hybrid” technique,312 has the advantage of improved arterial depiction of the infrapopliteal arteries, in which arterial enhancement can often be variable or fast (diabetic patients)315 and suboptimally depicted using bolus chase MRA alone 316…”

Multidetector CT Angiography of Arterial Inflow and Runoff in the Lower Extremities:A Challenge in Data Acquisition and Evaluation

“…6,14,15 However, visualization of the lower extremity vessels presented a challenge for both imaging modalities. 16 MR angiography (MRA) has been proven to be a safe, fast, reliable, and reproducible imaging modality that avoids ionizing radiation and the nephrotoxicity of iodine-based contrast agents.…”

Noninvasive Testing in Peripheral Arterial Disease

“…A detailed description of all of the sequences and protocols used in MRA imaging is beyond the scope of this review; readers are referred to excellent reviews on this topic. 18,19 Compared with CTA, current MRA techniques have more limited spatial resolution, which decreases the sensitivity to detect subtle lesions. Another limitation of MRA relates to motion artifact.…”