“…It is important to note that the main purpose of this work is to build an optimization model for the allocation problem. This optimization can be solved by any available optimization algorithm [33], [34]. We have selected GSA as it has high performance according to several previous publications, which means that it can find the global optimal solution in a fast way.…”
Recently, the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has been quickly increased worldwide. Due to the intermittent nature of PV and the stochastic nature of PEVs, several operation problems can be noticed in distribution systems, including excessive energy losses and voltage violations. In this paper, an optimization-based algorithm is proposed to accurately determine the optimal locations and capacities of multiple PV units in the presence of PEVs to minimize energy losses while considering various system constraints. The proposed algorithm considers the uncertainty of PV and loads, and the stochastic nature of PEVs. Furthermore, the operational constraints of PEVs are incorporated in the optimization model: 1) arrival and departure times, 2) initial state of charge (SOC), 3) minimum preset state of charge by the owner, and 4) the time-of-use electricity tariff, and 5) different charging control schemes. The optimal PV planning model is formulated as a two-layer optimization problem that ensures an optimal PV allocation while optimizing PEV charging simultaneously. A two-layer metaheuristic method is developed to solve the optimization model considering annual datasets of the studied distribution systems. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Index Terms-Distribution systems; photovoltaic; plug-in electric vehicle; energy losses; optimal allocation. I. INTRODUCTION S the annual demand on electricity grows, the use of distributed energy resources (DER) in power distribution systems has remarkably increased throughout the world. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising DER types. Indeed, the connection of PV units to distribution systems has several benefits to various entities, such as utility, owner, and final user. It is a fact that PV units with their active/reactive power control functionalities can improve the reliability of the power supply, enhance voltage profile, enhance power quality, and minimize energy losses [1]-[4]. Nevertheless, the
“…It is important to note that the main purpose of this work is to build an optimization model for the allocation problem. This optimization can be solved by any available optimization algorithm [33], [34]. We have selected GSA as it has high performance according to several previous publications, which means that it can find the global optimal solution in a fast way.…”
Recently, the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has been quickly increased worldwide. Due to the intermittent nature of PV and the stochastic nature of PEVs, several operation problems can be noticed in distribution systems, including excessive energy losses and voltage violations. In this paper, an optimization-based algorithm is proposed to accurately determine the optimal locations and capacities of multiple PV units in the presence of PEVs to minimize energy losses while considering various system constraints. The proposed algorithm considers the uncertainty of PV and loads, and the stochastic nature of PEVs. Furthermore, the operational constraints of PEVs are incorporated in the optimization model: 1) arrival and departure times, 2) initial state of charge (SOC), 3) minimum preset state of charge by the owner, and 4) the time-of-use electricity tariff, and 5) different charging control schemes. The optimal PV planning model is formulated as a two-layer optimization problem that ensures an optimal PV allocation while optimizing PEV charging simultaneously. A two-layer metaheuristic method is developed to solve the optimization model considering annual datasets of the studied distribution systems. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Index Terms-Distribution systems; photovoltaic; plug-in electric vehicle; energy losses; optimal allocation. I. INTRODUCTION S the annual demand on electricity grows, the use of distributed energy resources (DER) in power distribution systems has remarkably increased throughout the world. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising DER types. Indeed, the connection of PV units to distribution systems has several benefits to various entities, such as utility, owner, and final user. It is a fact that PV units with their active/reactive power control functionalities can improve the reliability of the power supply, enhance voltage profile, enhance power quality, and minimize energy losses [1]-[4]. Nevertheless, the
“…Kumar et al 136 proposed a hybridized method (Whale optimization with differential evolution [WODE]) for extracting the maximum power under PSC, which is based on the hunting behavior of whale optimization (WO) with differential evolution (DE). WO has a powerful searching ability in a wide area and DE minimizes the effect of random constants and accelerating the convergence speed toward GMPP of the algorithm.…”
Section: Whale Optimization With Differential Evolutionmentioning
Summary
This article intends to present a compendious review to extract maximum power in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under varying environmental conditions and partial shading conditions by enumerating various circuit‐based topologies and different state‐of‐the‐art maximum power point techniques (MPPT). Partial shading reduces the overall efficiency of the PV system; therefore techniques that are dealing with partial shading play an important part in the power conditioning unit of all PV system connected to the stand‐alone mode or grid mode. Various circuit‐based topologies and various algorithms have been broadly discussed till date. As every algorithm is associated with its own merits and demerit, hence an extensive literature survey is required while planning for PV generating station under normal and partial shading condition. In this article, a comprehensive review of shading mitigation using different topologies has been done. The article on shading mitigation is broadly divided into two major groups. The first group includes all major circuit‐based topologies and the second group includes MPPT based techniques, which has been further classified into modified conventional techniques, soft computing techniques, and hybrid techniques. This comprehensive review presents an assessment of all techniques according to parameters like converter used, tracking speed, complexity, efficiency, number of sensors under partial shading condition would certainly provide a single platform to carry forward their research in solar PV application.
“…The conventional difficulties of earlier GMPPT techniques based on soft computing are reduced by using HPO-based GMPPT, such as large population size, steady-state oscillations, and slow dynamic responses. A review of literature on GMPPT depicts that, with the help of some upgradation in the conventional optimisation algorithms such as modified particle swarm optimisation (PSOΨ [16], Lagrange interpolation-based PSO [18], whale optimisation including differential evolution [19], GMPPT based on fuzzy logic [20], GMPPT based on artificial intelligence-based etc. Many authors have tried to reduce these complications.…”
In this study, an intuitive control technique based on 'fifth-order generalised-integrator (FOGI)' is proposed for gridconnected solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversions system (SECS). In the grid-tied SECS, a single-phase single-stage topology is considered. Moreover, on solar PV array, partially shaded condition is considered, where for global maximum power point tracking, the human psychology optimisation is utilised. The prime intention of the control technique is, feed all the generated solar power at the unity power factor into the grid, which is successfully achieved by the FOGI-based control method. During the evaluation of the performance of control based on FOGI, different adverse conditions related to the grid and dynamic change of solar insolation are considered, where the proposed control technique's performance illustrates the fulfilment of the motive of the work.
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