A state‐of‐the‐art review on conventional, soft computing, and hybrid techniques for shading mitigation in photovoltaic applications

Abstract

Summary This article intends to present a compendious review to extract maximum power in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under varying environmental conditions and partial shading conditions by enumerating various circuit‐based topologies and different state‐of‐the‐art maximum power point techniques (MPPT). Partial shading reduces the overall efficiency of the PV system; therefore techniques that are dealing with partial shading play an important part in the power conditioning unit of all PV system connected to the stand‐alone mode or grid mode. Various circuit‐based topologies and various algorithms have been broadly discussed till date. As every algorithm is associated with its own merits and demerit, hence an extensive literature survey is required while planning for PV generating station under normal and partial shading condition. In this article, a comprehensive review of shading mitigation using different topologies has been done. The article on shading mitigation is broadly divided into two major groups. The first group includes all major circuit‐based topologies and the second group includes MPPT based techniques, which has been further classified into modified conventional techniques, soft computing techniques, and hybrid techniques. This comprehensive review presents an assessment of all techniques according to parameters like converter used, tracking speed, complexity, efficiency, number of sensors under partial shading condition would certainly provide a single platform to carry forward their research in solar PV application.

Enhancing the power output of partially shaded PV array using column shift right‐left panel arrangement based array reconfiguration technique

“…The equivalent circuit of a single diode PV model is illustrated in below Figure 2. 33 Applying Kirchoff's Current Law (KCL), the current at node "x" can be expressed as:…”

“…The essential components involved in PV modelling are: a current source, a diode and two resistors. The equivalent circuit of a single diode PV model is illustrated in below Figure 2 33 …”

Review on parameter estimation techniques of solar photovoltaic systems

“…3 This energy resource remains at an unprecedented height by generating 480 GW of power supplying 2.8% of the world's electrical demand approximately by the end of the year 2020. 4 Albeit solar energy is abundant, and leads the way in forefront 5 ; its growth is obstructed by factors such as partial shading, 6 intermittent nature, 7 high initial cost, 8 and expensive storage requirement. 9 Thus, precise modeling becomes obligatory and inevitable to predict the PV system performance before implementation.…”

A low voltage harvesting in photovoltaic generation systems using negative embedded Z‐source inverter

“…The conventional hill‐climbing methods such as perturb and observe (P&O), and incremental conductance algorithms effectively track the maximum power point (MPP) under uniform irradiation conditions 10 . However, the PV module with bi‐pass diodes under partial shading conditions exhibits the multiple maximum power peaks, 11 as illustrated in Figure 1. Powerful evolutionary algorithms like particle swarm optimization, differential evaluation, ant colony optimization, artificial bee colony optimization, and bacteria foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) are used to track the global MPP in the partial shading conditions 12 .…”