Moving towards a Competitive Fully Enzymatic Biodiesel Process

Cesarini, Silvia; Pastor, F. I. Javier; Nielsen, Per Henning; Dı́az, Pilar

doi:10.3390/su7067884

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(94 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most common method of biodiesel production is by transesterification (alcoholysis) of oils (triglycerides) with methanol in the presence of a catalyst [24,25] which is shown in Figure 1 [26]. The stoichiometric reaction requires 1 mole of triglyceride and 3 moles of an alcohol solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Biodiesel Production

Martinez‐Guerra

Gude

2017

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Featured Application: Sustainability Indicator Concepts used for biodiesel production in this study can be applied to various biofuels and other chemical reaction designs, synthesis and process development.Abstract: Biodiesel production may provide a sustainable route to reduce environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel consumption. In order to minimize environmental impacts of biodiesel production, the chemical process should be optimized to minimize waste generation and energy consumption. Therefore, it is important to design biodiesel chemical reactions and processes using green chemistry and green engineering principles to develop sustainable chemical processes. This study provides the results of the synergistic effect of microwave and ultrasound irradiations to produce biodiesel using ethanol or methanol as the alcohol donor. The biodiesel yields are presented along with their respective green metrics, such as atom economy, environmental factor (E-factor), atom economy (utilization) or atomic efficiency, mass intensity, reaction mass efficiency, atom utilization, and stoichiometric factor. These green metrics are crucial to determine the sustainability and environmental impact of biodiesel production. Evaluation of these green metrics indicates that methanol is a better alternative for biodiesel production provided it is derived from renewable sources. Sustainability indicator concepts used for biodiesel production in this study can be applied to various biofuels and other chemical reaction designs, synthesis and process development.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Biodiesel Production

Martinez‐Guerra

Gude

2017

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chemical reaction of water degumming process of vegetable oil. [25,26,27] Enzymatic degumming Enzymatic degumming involves using microbial enzyme phospholipase to cleave phospholipids via hydrolysis to release the phosphatides. [39] The enzymatic methods are based on the conversion of nonhydratable phospholipids to hydratable lyso-phospholipids, which are easy to eliminate with the water phase by centrifugation.…”

Section: Water Degummingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is must be highlighted that when a phospholipase is present in the reaction mixture, phospholipids are hydrolysed releasing FFAs, and more useful oil is available for lipase methylester formation. [24,25] Kulkarni et al analysed that the storage of oil for long time can lead to formation of gums if phosphorus content is more than 50 ppm. This gum can lead to choking of fuel lines and injector nozzles if oil is used without processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comprehensive review on degummed biodiesel

Kanakraj¹,

Dixit

2016

Biofuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel is derived from renewable sources like vegetable oils, animal fats and recycled cooking oil. During biodiesel synthesis, gums in the feed oil inhibit the transesterification reaction rate and increase the processing cost. Gums can be removed from feed oil by a degumming process. The present review aimed to compile current, comprehensive information of degummed biodiesel production from different vegetable oils with diverse degumming techniques and also describe its fuel related properties, chemical composition and significant by-products. It is clear from this review that biodiesel manufactured from degummed feedstocks can be a promising alternative fuel for the diesel engine and could be a major step towards the creation of an environmentally friendly transportation fuel that is relatively clean on combustion. This paper is highly encourage to degumming of feed oil prior to transesterification process.

show abstract

“…The feedstock cost contributes up to 85% of the biodiesel production cost. Consequently, the use of low‐value oils (waste cooking oils and animal fats) or unprocessed, crude edible or non‐edible oils (also known as non‐degummed oils) is one of the ways to reduce the production cost of biodiesel . Crude vegetable oil is expelled from seeds by mechanical extraction, solvent extraction, and enzymatic oil extraction or a combination of these.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…degummed oils, should be considered as an alternative solution for economically viable biodiesel synthesis. Research has suggested that partially refined (degummed) vegetable oils can produce high‐ quality biodiesel similar to refined vegetable oil, so degummed vegetable oils can be promising feedstocks for the commercialization of biodiesel production …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest advances in degumming feedstock oils for large‐scale biodiesel production

Sharma

Yadav

Upadhyay

2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The removal of gummy or mucilaginous substances from vegetable oils, commonly known as degumming, is required for the use of crude vegetable oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. These gums reduce the rate of transesterification reactions by deactivation of the catalyst and they hinder the separation of the glycerol phase from the biodiesel. They also cause the deposition of carbon particles within engine machinery and affect performance. To take care of these issues, gums should be separated from the oils to make the oils suitable for use as fuel. Chemical treatment, membrane separation, and biological separation processes have been reported in the literature for this purpose. In the chemical treatment process aqueous solutions of chemicals like acids, bases, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water are used for separating gums. The membrane separation process is based on size exclusion, and polymeric, ceramic, and inorganic membranes are used to separate gums from oil. In biological degumming, phospholipase groups of enzymes are used. These enzymes hydrolyze gums into fatty acids and lipophilic substances. Enzyme degumming also enhances oil‐phase yield. This paper reviews the chemical nature of gums and presents a comprehensive critical summary of different degumming technologies, their specific features, effecting parameters, advantages and disadvantages, and industrial uses. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Moving towards a Competitive Fully Enzymatic Biodiesel Process

Cited by 41 publications

References 73 publications

Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Biodiesel Production

Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Biodiesel Production

A comprehensive review on degummed biodiesel

Latest advances in degumming feedstock oils for large‐scale biodiesel production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About