Moving in and moving around: immigrants, travel behavior, and implications for transport policy

Blumenberg, Evelyn

doi:10.3328/tl.2009.01.02.169-180

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…26 He pointed out that even after controlling for income, neighborhood characteristics, and other factors, a large and significant "immigrant effect" remained. Other research suggests that new immigrants were more likely to carpool, ride public transportation, and walk, [27][28][29][30] however this difference diminished over time. A process of "transportation assimilation" characterizes this phenomenon-immigrants' travel behavior gravitates toward those of native-borns until eventually they are no different from each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impacts of Safety Culture on Immigrants’ Vulnerability in Non-motorized Crashes: A Cross-sectional Study

2011

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Pedestrians and cyclists are a vulnerable group of road users. Immigrants are disproportionally represented in pedestrian and cyclist crashes. We postulate that the mismatch in safety culture between countries of their origin and the USA contribute to their vulnerability in pedestrian and cyclist crashes. Over time, the differences may disappear and immigrants' traffic behavior gravitates toward those of native-borns. We describe this process as safety assimilation. Using the pedestrian and cyclist crash database in New York City between 2001 and 2003, we examined the effects of foreignborn population, their countries of origin, and time of entry into the USA on census tract-level pedestrian and cyclist crashes. We find that neighborhoods with a higher concentration of immigrants, especially those from Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Asia, have more crashes. Our results also exhibit a pattern of the hypothesized safety assimilation process. The study suggests a higher level of vulnerability of immigrants to pedestrian and cyclist crashes. We propose that targeted policies and programs need to be developed for immigrants of different countries of origin.KEYWORDS Pedestrian and cyclist crash, Immigrants, Safety assimilation, Safety culture INTRODUCTIONWalking and cycling are healthy and environmentally friendly modes of transportation compared to automobile usage. Yet, it is undebatable that pedestrians and cyclists are more vulnerable than motorists in traffic collisions. Nationwide, a total of 4,378 pedestrian and 716 cyclist deaths were reported in 2008, 1,2 accounting for 13.7% of motor vehicle collision fatalities. Another 69,000 pedestrians and 52,000 cyclists were injured in traffic crashes in 2008. 3 Minorities are disproportionally represented in traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2001, 69% of the nation's population were non-Hispanic whites, and yet only 60% of the pedestrian deaths for which ethnicity was known were non-Hispanic whites. 4 In contrast, African-Americans were involved in more than 20% of the total pedestrian deaths, though they represented only 12% of the population. Likewise, 13.5% of the pedestrian deaths involved one or more Latinos, while they accounted Chen is with the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impacts of Safety Culture on Immigrants’ Vulnerability in Non-motorized Crashes: A Cross-sectional Study

2011

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“…Blumenberg [8] organized these factors into six categories: Bindividual and household characteristics, the process of spatial assimilation, access to ethnicspecific resources, ethnic employment patterns, cultural differences, and federal, state, and local regulations^(p.173). Among these factors, spatial assimilation is one of the most widely discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restrained mobility in a high-accessible and migrant-rich area in downtown Beijing

Zhao

2017

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Purpose Immigrant travel has become an emerging research field in transportation planning. A handful of scholars have studied the travel behavior of residents in immigrant enclaves in North America. However, thus far, there has been no analysis of the travel behavior of residents living in migrant-rich neighborhoods in China. Additionally, previous studies rarely explored whether these (im)migrants could benefit from resources outside the neighborhoods, and the determinants of their travel to destinations outside the neighborhoods. This study aims to fill these research gaps in the literature. We used a migrant-rich area in downtown Beijing as a case study to understand the daily mobility and the determinants, and strategies to enhance mobility of neighborhood residents. Method To answer the above questions, in-depth interview in Dashilar was used in this study. Eighteen migrant workers were recruited by using snowball sampling, and six local residents were recruited as Bobservers^to view the mobility of migrant workers from another perspective. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded. Results The research results show that the interviewees had restrained mobility, limited to the area within Dashilar. Their work location was near residence, and they seldom made recreation and social trips. One of the major reasons for this was that their social ties were highly restricted to people from the same hometown. Additionally, time and financial poverty further limited their mobility. Institutional barriers also segregated migrant workers with local people in job market, urban welfare and daily life. In order to improve physical mobility, migrant workers used electric bicycle as their daily travel facility. The use of mobile phone also improved their virtual mobility by facilitating information flow and extending social networks. Moreover, community initiatives such as community activities and volunteers helped to improve their mobility. Conclusions Dashilar is an area with abundant transport resources and activity destination choices, but migrant workers living there still restrained their daily travel within the neighborhood. Although resources within the neighborhood facilitated daily necessities of migrant workers living in Dashilar, they seldom benefited from the resources outside the neighborhood, which played a larger role in promoting their social and cultural assimilation in the city. Their limited local social ties, individual time and money constraints, and institutional factors all contributed to their limited destination motivations and aspirations. To cope with these challenges, migrant workers and communities both adopted several strategies. These strategies could address the above challenges to some extent, but their limitations also fixed mobility of migrant workers. Combination of Internet of mobile phone and community initiatives was a feasible way to link migrant workers and local people, and help them to improve enlarge mobility space.

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“…Previous researches support that foreign-born people or immigrants unlike the US-born individuals are more likely to use alternative modes of transportation (carpooling/ride sharing, public transit, and non-motorized modes) other than solo driving for all trip purposes [5][6][7][8] [12,14,[16][17][18][19]. For work and shopping trips, they are less likely to carpool than use public transit and NMT.…”

Section: Immigrant-related Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have explored the movement pattern within an ethnic neighborhood using local indices of auto correlation [5], and some have used traditional variables of density and degree of mixed land use; however, the very details are not yet known. To better predict the target group's travel behavior, it is critical to include additional land use variables and socio-economic background of the neighborhoods.…”

Section: Limitations That This Study Coversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research to date suggests that immigrants reveal aberrant travel behavior in comparison to US-born residents, and they have a higher usage of transit, carpool, and non-motorized modes [5][6][7][8]. Much remains unexplored in terms of the underlying factors and the transferability of their impact, which leads to the higher usage of alternative modes among immigrants.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Immigrants' Travel Behavior in Florida: Neighborhood Effects and Behavioral Assimilation

Zaman¹

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Moving in and moving around: immigrants, travel behavior, and implications for transport policy

Cited by 70 publications

References 24 publications

Exploring the Impacts of Safety Culture on Immigrants’ Vulnerability in Non-motorized Crashes: A Cross-sectional Study

Exploring the Impacts of Safety Culture on Immigrants’ Vulnerability in Non-motorized Crashes: A Cross-sectional Study

Restrained mobility in a high-accessible and migrant-rich area in downtown Beijing

Understanding Immigrants' Travel Behavior in Florida: Neighborhood Effects and Behavioral Assimilation

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