Moving from Survival to Healthy Survival through Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services Under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)

Singh, Arun K.; Kumar, Rakesh; Mishra, CK; Khera, Ajay; Srivastava, Anubhav

doi:10.1007/s12098-015-1823-2

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A range of interventions for children with or at risk of developmental disabilities are well described in the literature, 8 , 9 , 17 , 29 and include primary prevention aimed at reducing the incidence of developmental disabilities, secondary prevention through early detection of disabilities at a time when the brain is still very sensitive to interventions and change, and tertiary prevention through comprehensive community-based rehabilitation programmes (now termed community-based inclusive development), as exemplified by some early childhood development initiatives in high-burden LMICs such as Bangladesh and India. 30 , 31 Some disabilities might be less amenable than others to prevention. For example, the GBD study did not investigate the causes of ASD and ADHD, which are often attributed to complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Olusanya¹,

Davis²,

Wertlieb³

et al. 2018

The Lancet Global Health

453

323

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SummaryBackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mandate systematic monitoring of the health and wellbeing of all children to achieve optimal early childhood development. However, global epidemiological data on children with developmental disabilities are scarce. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for development disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.MethodsWe estimated prevalence and YLDs for epilepsy, intellectual disability, hearing loss, vision loss, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. YLDs were estimated as the product of the prevalence estimate and the disability weight for each mutually exclusive disorder, corrected for comorbidity. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, on a pool of primary data derived from systematic reviews of the literature, health surveys, hospital and claims databases, cohort studies, and disease-specific registries.FindingsGlobally, 52·9 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48·7–57·3; or 8·4% [7·7–9·1]) children younger than 5 years (54% males) had developmental disabilities in 2016 compared with 53·0 million (49·0–57·1; or 8·9% [8·2–9·5]) in 1990. About 95% of these children lived in low-income and middle-income countries. YLDs among these children increased from 3·8 million (95% UI 2·8–4·9) in 1990 to 3·9 million (2·9–5·2) in 2016. These disabilities accounted for 13·3% of the 29·3 million YLDs for all health conditions among children younger than 5 years in 2016. Vision loss was the most prevalent disability, followed by hearing loss, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. However, intellectual disability was the largest contributor to YLDs in both 1990 and 2016. Although the prevalence of developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years decreased in all countries (except for North America) between 1990 and 2016, the number of children with developmental disabilities increased significantly in sub-Saharan Africa (71·3%) and in North Africa and the Middle East (7·6%). South Asia had the highest prevalence of children with developmental disabilities in 2016 and North America had the lowest.InterpretationThe global burden of developmental disabilities has not significantly improved since 1990, suggesting inadequate global attention on the developmental potential of children who survived childhood as a result of child survival programmes, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The SDGs provide a framework for policy and action to address the needs of children with or at risk of developmental disabilities, particularly in resource-poor countries.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Olusanya¹,

Davis²,

Wertlieb³

et al. 2018

The Lancet Global Health

453

323

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“…The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) launched under National Rural Health Mission by the Indian government aims to identify and correct birth defects, nutritional deficiencies, treatable diseases and developmental delays including disability (https://rbsk.gov.in) (Singh, Kumar, Mishra, Khera, & Srivastava, 2015). The overall programme is inclusive to need‐based interventions but must move towards active child development promotion as suggested by the WHO, with additional maternal well‐being component (World Health Organization, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home environment: Short‐term trends and predictors in early childhood from an Indian community birth cohort

Koshy

Karthikeyan

Bose

et al. 2021

Child

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Background Early childhood home environment is intricately linked to child development and later cognitive and academic skills. There is limited literature evaluating home environmental trends and predictors in the low‐ and middle‐income country settings. Aims Determine the trends of early childhood home environment changes between 6 and 36 months of age, and the factors associated with these changes. Study design Longitudinal community‐based birth cohort follow‐up study in a semi‐urban slum in Vellore, South India. Subjects Consecutive sampling of a birth cohort between March 2010 and February 2012. Outcome measures Home environment was objectively assessed using the ‘Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment’ (HOME) scale. Predictors of change in the home environment over time also were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression models and linear mixed effect models were used to identify the factors associated with HOME score at individual time points and over‐a‐time period, respectively. Results The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with a follow‐up of 235, 228 and 218 children at 6, 24 and 36 months, respectively. The socio‐economic status (SES) was the single biggest predictor for the HOME score at each time point, with increasing strength over time. Maternal education predicted home environment at 24 months, while maternal depression was negatively associated at 6 and 24 months of age. SES and maternal factors contributed to the overall change in the HOME score. Maternal factors predicted relational home environmental change over time. Conclusion SES and maternal factors consistently predicted early childhood home environment at 6, 24 and 36 months of age and its change over time. It is important to support maternal education and wellbeing along with socio‐economic measures to optimize early childhood environment.

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“…7 Weight and standing height measurement procedure was followed as per RBSK Job aid. 8 Calculation of BMI was done and BMI chart was used to interpret differently for children and teens even though it was calculated as weight (in Kg) ÷height 2 (in meters) according to WHO child growth reference, 2007 and a set of thresholds based on single standard deviation spacing was used in the study. Fast food easily prepared processed food served in snack bars and restaurants as a quick meal or to be taken away.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and obesity and lifestyle of urban adolescent school children of eastern state of India

Panda

2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: There is reduction of childhood under nutrition and at the same time a gradual increase in childhood obesity especially urban area is seen due to rapid urbanization, economic and food transition and changes in lifestyle. On this backdrop present study is taken up to find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent school children of urban Sambalpur and its association with lifestyle behavior. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017 among 600 children of class VI to X of two government and two private schools. Thirty students were chosen in each class using systematic sampling method. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on demographic variables and lifestyle behavior's. The risk factors were assessed by using the Chi-square test. For all the statistical tests, a p-value of<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 8.9% and 3.4% respectively. Obesity was found more among girls (3.8%) and more children from private school were obese. Association of fast food, physical inactivity with obesity was significant. Conclusions: Overall combined prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity was 12.3 per cent. Percentage of overweight and obese children studying in private schools was more as compared to government school children. School health program should incorporate health education of teachers, students, parents and a convergence of education and health sector can reduce the modifiable lifestyle behavior's.

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Moving from Survival to Healthy Survival through Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services Under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Home environment: Short‐term trends and predictors in early childhood from an Indian community birth cohort

Overweight and obesity and lifestyle of urban adolescent school children of eastern state of India

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