Movento® 240SC (Spirotetramat) and Envidor® 240SC (Spirodiclofen) keto-enol insecticides induce DNA damage in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> ovaries

Abstract

Movento® 240SC and Envidor® 240SC are new insecticide derivatives of tetramic acid belonging to a keto-enol pesticide family. However, few studies have reported genotoxic effects in nontarget organisms. In the present study, the genotoxic effects of Movento® 240SC and Envidor® 240SC on Drosophila melanogaster ovaries were analyzed using the alkaline comet assay. Simultaneously, we determined the LD 50 for both insecticides. Virgin females were exposed to food at three sublethal concentrations (11.2, 22.4, 37.3 mg/L) of Movento® 240SC and (12.3, 24.6, 41.1 mg/L) of Envidor® 240SC for 72 hr. As a negative control group, females were exposed to food without insecticides, and as a positive control group, females were exposed to 17.5 mg/L bleomycin under the same experimental conditions. We analyzed three genotoxic parameters, tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity, in ovarian cells. The results showed that 11.2 mg/L Movento® 240SC insecticide significantly increased the tail intensity mean in ovarian cells compared with the negative control. However, 22.4 and 37.3 mg/L Movento® 240SC significantly increased tail length and tail moment means compared with the negative control. Envidor® 240SC insecticide at 12.3, 24.6, 41.1 mg/L significantly increased the three genotoxic parameters in ovarian cells compared with the negative control. The LD 50 values of Movento® 240SC and Envidor® 240SC insecticides were 79.1 mg/L and 78.0 mg/L, respectively. The genotoxic response of the two keto-enol pesticides was dependent on the concentration of each pesticide. The results demonstrated that Movento® 240SC and Envidor® 240SC keto-enol insecticides are genotoxic agents in D. melanogaster ovaries.

ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 Pathways Respond to DNA Damage Induced by Movento® 240SC and Envidor® 240SC Keto-Enol Insecticides in the Germarium of Drosophila melanogaster

“…The commercial keto-enol insecticides Movento ® 240SC and Envidor ® 240SC and their active ingredients (Spirotetramat and Spirodiclofen) have been shown to induce DNA damage in non-target organisms [ 12 , 14 ]. In a previous study, we reported that the commercial acaricides Movento ® 240SC and Envidor ® 240SC induce a significant increase in damage in the ovary DNA of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R) [ 17 ]. However, there were no reports on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways.…”

“…Two hundred microliters of each concentration were mixed with yeast to form a paste that was deposited in the bottom of Drosophila Genesee Scientific ((Wilford, Nottingham, UK) food vials. The concentrations of both insecticides that induced DNA damage in ovarian cells were reported in a previous study and used in three independent experiments [ 17 ].…”

“…We recently reported that the Movento ® 240SC (Spirotetramat) and Envidor ® 240SC (Spirodiclofen) insecticides induce DNA damage in Drosophila melanogaster ovarian cells [ 17 ]. However, the molecular mechanisms of response to DNA damage induced by keto-enol insecticides have not been characterized.…”

Tribulus Terrestris Methanolic Extract Modulates Spirotetramat-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Domestic Pigeons (Columba Livia Domestica)

“…Chen (2018) showed that SPT administration retarded the development of zebrafish embryos, induced oxidative stress, and reduced the activity and expression of target Acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthesis, and sterol regulatory element associated genes. The findings obtained by González-marín et al ( 2021) showed that Movento® 240SC insecticide is a genotoxic agent in D. melanogaster ovaries because it increased the genotoxic parameters (tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity) in cell nuclei of D. melanogaster. According to Zhang et al (2015), SPT can cause low and moderate levels of DNA damage in earthworm coelomocytes and may represent possible biochemical and genetic toxicity to earthworms.…”