Movements and landscape use of Eastern Imperial Eagles Aquila heliaca in Central Asia

Dispersal of eastern imperial eagles from the Czech Republic

“…At present, eastern imperial eagle telemetry projects are currently in operation in at least Hungary, Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Northern Macedonia, Georgia and Russia (https://www.satellitetracking.eu/, retrieved 28 th June 2022). However, papers and contributions have previously been published on telemetry-tracked eastern imperial eagles from Bulgaria (Gradev et al 2011a, b, Stoychev et al 2014, 2018, Demerdzhiev et al 2015), Hungary (Meyburg et al 1995, Kovács et al 2008), Slovakia (Danko et al 2011, Nemček et al 2014, Meyburg et al 2018), Turkey (Horváth et al 2018a), Saudi Arabia (Meyburg & Meyburg 2008, 2018), Kazakhstan (Poessel et al 2018) and Russia (Ueta & Ryabtsev 2001, Karyakin et al 2018, Korepov & Kovalev 2018). In addition, migration patterns of the species have also been summarised for Asia by Bragin et al (2021).…”

“…On their way, the eagles passed through eastern Mongolia and central Inner Mongolia (China), and wintered from over a region spreading from south China to Thailand. Karyakin et al (2018) tagged 13 young eastern imperial eagles from Russia and tracked their migration routes, while Poessel et al (2018) tracked one adult and four nestlings by telemetry (three PTT transmitters and two GPS-GSM devices) in Kazakhstan between 2004 and 2015, these birds wintering on the Arabian Peninsula, in Iran and in India (Bekmansurov et al 2018, Poessel et al 2018).…”

“…Other studies assessing habitat selection include those of Horváth (2009); Danko et al (2011), who looked at preferences for hunting areas; Horváth et al (2014), who tested for the effect of age (adult/non-adult pair) and habitat (mountain or lowland agricultural landscape) on breeding success; Nemček et al (2014), who examined general habitat composition in TSAs and PFAs; Kovács et al (2008), who assessed available habitats in nesting territories (delimited without telemetry) and Juhász et al (2018), who compared habitats in 14 nestling territories with telemetry (five Argos transmitters in 2011-2012 and nine GPS/GSM tags in 2013-2015), deducing that that higher diversity areas could sustain smaller territories. Finally, Poessel et al (2018) performed a highly detailed analysis of habitats, counting with unequal availability of different habitat types in the landscape.…”

Wind power development in Eastern Kazakhstan threatens migration of eagles

“…Два орла-могильника и 1 большой подорлик помечены Argos/GPSтрансмиттерами Microwave Telemetry, Inc. Along with our data on the movement of eagles tagged with trackers, other authors' data, ring returns, and repeated observations of birds with marked wings were used to distinguish population groups of eagles associated with the WCHMC (Meyburg et al, 1995;Strick et al, 2011;Bragin et al, 2012;2018b;Bekmansurov et al, 2016;Poessel et al, 2018;. Minimum convex polygon was constructed using tagging points of birds migrating to Eastern Iran, Pakistan, and Western India.…”

“…Для выделения популяционных группировок орлов, ассоциированных с ЗЦГМК, помимо наших данных прослеживания орлов, помеченных трекерами, использованы сведения других авторов, а также возвраты колец и повторные наблюдения птиц с крылометками (Meyburg et al, 1995;Strick et al, 2011;Брагин и др., 2012;Карякин и др., 2015;2018b;Бекмансуров и др., 2016;Poessel et al, 2018; Ни- During visual registrations, the distances to the birds were determined from photos in the Range Finder program (Khosravi, 2009) or in MS Excel using formulas based on the metric and angular dimensions of the object and the focal length of the camera (Geidarov, 2011;Gromazin et al, 2014). The flight altitude of birds tagged with trackers was calculated by subtracting the altitude at the location point taken from the DEM from the altitude obtained by the bird device.…”