Movement and Distribution of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Between Habitats in Two Livestock Farms

Abstract

House fly, Musca domestica L., movement between breeding sites (dairies and poultry houses) and into surrounding habitats (buildings, fields, and pastures) was measured by releasing marked flies in poultry houses and dairies at two farms. Relative density of wild and marked flies was greater in the dairy and poultry houses than in other habitats at similar distances from the release areas. Calculated proportions of wild flies in each habitat were greatest in the dairies and poultry houses; averages of 25 and 36% of the wild populations were estimated to be in the other habitats. After 5 days, an average of 60 and 53% of marked flies released in the poultry houses remained there, 13% moved to the dairies at both farms, and 27 and 34% moved from the poultry houses to the nonbreeding habitats. An average of 56 and 73% of the marked flies released in the dairies remained there after 5 days, while 8 and 10% moved into the poultry houses, and 34 and 19% moved from the dairies into the nonbreeding habitats at both farms.

Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli on Flies at Poultry Farms

“…House flies have been reported to travel up to 30 km, although maximum distances of 0.5 to 4 km appear to be more common (28,29). Monitoring the travel behavior of marked house flies on two mixed poultry and dairy farms over 3 days, Lysyk and Axtell (41) observed that the majority of house flies stayed in animal housings in which they were released (66% to 85%) or moved between poultry and dairy housings (7% to 24%), which were approximately 100 m apart on both farms. A minority of flies (4% to 6%) moved from the animal housings to surrounding pastures and fields and could be retrieved up to 250 m from the release sites (41).…”

Resistance Status of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from Southeastern Nebraska Beef Cattle Feedlots to Selected Insecticides

“…Boxler and Campbell (1983) found a similar situation with house ßy resistance to dichlorvos, which indicated movement of house ßies between feedlots. Lysyk and Axtell (1986), in a captureÐmarkÐreleaseÐ recapture study, found considerable movement of house ßies between poultry houses and dairies and into habitats that did not contain house ßy breeding or feeding material. Their study indicates that house ßy dispersal is considerable, even when habitats seem ideal.…”

Abundância e sazonalidade de dípteros (Insecta) em granja aviária da região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Para amostragem dos espécimes adultos, foi utilizado o método "jug-trap" (BURG; AXTELL, 1984;LYSYK;AXTELL, 1986). Tal método consiste na utilização de frascos plásticos com 17 centímetros de altura por sete centíme-tros de diâmetro, com quatro orifícios de três centímetros de diâmetro cada um, dispostos lateralmente.…”

“…Para tanto, foram utilizados os procedimentos GLM do programa Statistical Analysis System, versão 6.12 (SAS, 1995). A elevada abundância de Drosophilidae difere da maioria dos estudos em granjas de aves poedeiras realizados em outros locais (BRUNO et al, 1993;GIANIZELLA, 1995 (LEGNER et al, 1967;LEGNER;POORBAUGH, 1972;LEGNER et al, 1975ab;AXTELL;RUTZ, 1986;AXTELL;ARENDS, 1990).…”

“…De acordo com Axtell e Arends (1990), nos sistemas modernos de produção de ovos, as aves são alojadas em altas densidades, com o conseqüente acúmulo de excrementos sob as gaiolas. Esse substrato torna-se excelente para colonização e desenvolvimento de espécies de insetos sinantrópicos de grande importância médico sanitária (AXTELL, 1986;POLVONY, 1971).…”