Resistance to antimonials is a major problem when treating visceral leishmaniasis in India and has already been described for New World parasites. Clinical response to meglumine antimoniate in patients infected with parasites of the Viannia sub-genus can be widely variable, suggesting the presence of mechanisms of drug resistance. In this work, we have compared L. major and L. braziliensis mutants selected in different drugs. The cross-resistance profiles of some cell lines resembled those of mutants bearing H locus amplicons. However, amplified episomal molecules were exclusively detected in L. major mutants. The analysis of the L. braziliensis H region revealed a strong conservation of gene synteny. The typical intergenic repeats that are believed to mediate the amplification of the H locus in species of the Leishmania sub-genus are partially conserved in the Viannia species. The conservation of these non-coding elements in equivalent positions in both species is indicative of their relevance within this locus. The absence of amplicons in L. braziliensis suggests that this species may not favour extra-chromosomal gene amplification as a source of phenotypic heterogeneity and fitness maintenance in changing environments.
Eight reproductive rams with no prior reproductive disease were distributed into three groups of infection with T. gondii: GI, 3 rams, 2.0 × 105 P strain oocysts; GII, 3 rams, 1.0 × 106 RH strain tachyzoites; GIII, 2 control rams. Clinical parameters were measured and serological evaluations (IIF) were performed. Presence of the parasite in the semen was investigated by PCR and bioassay techniques. The rams presented clinical alterations (hyperthermia and apathy) related to toxoplasmosis in both groups infected with Toxoplasma gondii. All the inoculated rams responded to antigenic stimulus, producing antibodies against T. gondii from postinoculation day 5 onwards. In ovine groups I and II, the greatest titers observed were 1 : 4096 and 1 : 8192, respectively. In semen samples collected from these two groups, the presence of T. gondii was detected by bioassay and PCR. This coccidian was isolated (bioassay and PCR) in tissue pools (testicles, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostrate) from two rams infected presenting oocysts and in one presenting tachyzoites.
-A research about arthropode fauna in laying hen excrement was carried out in a poultry house in the State of São Paulo, from January 2001 to December 2002. The objective was to verify the frequency of Diptera and Coleoptera collected by Berlese funil and flutuation methods, and to show correlation between the collect methods and sazonality possible in the currents seasons. A total of 29,499 insects were collected from seventy five collects, being 16,702 Diptera (six families) and 12,797 Coleoptera (four families). Some arthropodes presented direct relation with the collect method, the seasons of the years and the rainfall precipitation, with significant increase in the number of insects collected in certain periods of the year.
Nos sistemas modernos de produção de ovos, as aves poedeiras são alojadas em altas densidades, acumulando esterco sob as gaiolas. Esse substrato é excelente para o desenvolvimento de moscas sinantrópicas. Sendo assim, se torna essencial a realização de levantamentos de moscas nesses locais, a fim de se planejar uma melhor estratégia de controle. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a entomofauna e a sazonalidade das espécies de dípteros da granja Crisdan, em São João da Boa Vista, São Paulo, Brasil. No período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2002 foram capturados 1.012.595 exemplares utilizando-se armadilha "jug-trap". As espécies identificadas foram: Drosophila repleta (Wollaston, 1858), Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758), Ophyra spp., Hermetria illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Sepsidae. Com maior freqüência D. repleta e M. domestica representaram 99,47% dos dípteros capturados. A elevação dos índices pluviométricos em alguns meses dos anos influenciaram a amostragem de dípteros (P<0,05). D. repleta representou cerca de 91% de toda população. Entretanto, este díptero provavelmente não estava se desenvolvendo no local, já que estágios imaturos não foram capturados.
Desde que o homem começou a confinar animais, o controle dos artrópodes tem sido um constante desafio, além disto, o uso indiscriminado de inseticidas químicos geralmente utilizados nos programas de controle destas pragas polui o ambiente, contamina carnes, ovos e leite, e agrava ainda mais o problema nas criações. Legner & Brydon (1966) e Legner & Olton (1968) relatam que, ao se erradicar os dípteros das áreas de criação animal, obtém-se o benefício tanto na produção, como no consumo. No entanto, é essencial que o controle químico seja feito como complemento do método biológico (Guimarães 1985). O uso de inseticidas químicos são muitas vezes necessário em situações críticas, porém de forma limitada, uma vez que tais produtos, exercem efeito tóxico nos controladores naturais de moscas (predadores e parasitóides). Abundância e sazonalidade de histerídeos (Coleoptera) associados ao esterco de granja aviária da Região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.