Mouse Models of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis to Develop Clinical Applications

Abstract

Peritoneal carcinomatosis of primary tumors originating in gastrointestinal (e.g., colorectal cancer, gastric cancer) or gynecologic (e.g., ovarian cancer) malignancies is a widespread type of tumor dissemination in the peritoneal cavity for which few therapeutic options are available. Therefore, reliable preclinical models are crucial for research and development of efficacious treatments for this condition. To date, a number of animal models have attempted to reproduce as accurately as possible the complexity of the tumor microenvironment of human peritoneal carcinomatosis. These include: Syngeneic tumor cell lines, human xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, genetically induced tumors, and 3D scaffold biomimetics. Each experimental model has its own strengths and limitations, all of which can influence the subsequent translational results concerning anticancer and immunomodulatory drugs under exploration. This review highlights the current status of peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse models for preclinical development of anticancer drugs or immunotherapeutic agents.

Irreversible electroporation augments β-glucan induced trained innate immunity for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

“… 26 36 39–41 However, this administration route of training poses several unique clinical and physiologic barriers considering obvious differences in the anatomy and localization between the human and mouse pancreas, limiting its translatability to humans. 42 Therefore, we wanted to explore an alternative delivery method for induction of trained immunity by β-glucan. Until now, it has remained unknown whether orally delivered β-glucan may induce trained immunity in the pancreas.…”

Minimally Invasive Preclinical Monitoring of the Peritoneal Cavity Tumor Microenvironment

“…Preclinical i.p. models of intra-abdominal diseases, such as endometriosis [ 29 ], bacterial and viral infection [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and cancer, especially ovarian cancer [ 33 ], are extensively used to analyze disease progression and develop treatments. A current bottleneck in studying the evolution of i.p.…”

Towards an optimal model for gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: current challenges and future directions

“… 19 Given their higher engraftment efficiency and less immunological rejection than nude mice, SCID and NOD/SCID mice are more suitable recipients of peritoneal metastasis models. 12 …”

“…Various peritoneal metastasis models of gastric cancer have been established in recent years, 10 , 11 but these models remain to have several limitations. 12 In the opinion of the authors, an ideal model of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis should have the following characteristics: Supreme comparability in features, such as microenvironment, histology, and molecular genetics, with the tumor mass from patients; high potential for tumorigenesis and peritoneal metastasis; capacity to represent the metastatic cascade; capacity to detect tumor progression in real-time, allowing timely sampling or intervention; and reproducible and simple establishment process. However, an animal model of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis that meets all of the above criteria is unavailable.…”