Abstract:Objectives:We investigated the effects of mountain cultivated ginseng water boiled extract(MCG) on blood glucose and insulin levels, and examined whether lipid metabolism are improved by it in male db/db mice(a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus). Methods:9 weeks old, male db/db mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6J normal, control, MCG-250㎎/㎏ (MCG-1), MCG-500㎎/㎏(MCG-2) and MCG-1000㎎/㎏(MCG-3). After mice were treated with MCG for 8 weeks, we measured body weight, food intake, fat weight, visceral org… Show more
“…한국, 일본, 중국 등 동아시아와 유럽에서 뿌리 를 식용 또는 약용으로 이용하고 있으며 [4], 산양삼은 사포닌계 물질인 ginsenosides와 그 외에 polyacetylenes, phenolics, acidic polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloid, amino acids 유도체 [5,6] 등 의 유효성분을 포함하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재까지 산양삼 효능은 항산화 [7,8], 항암 [9], 혈중지질개선, 혈당강하, 항당뇨 [10], 항염증 [11], 면역 증진 [12,13], 간 보호 [14] 등이 있는 것으로 알 려져 있으며 재배삼에 비해 약리 효능 및 ginsenosides 함량이 높은 것으로 보고되어 효능 또한 뛰어남을 인정받고 있다 [15]. 최근에는 뿌리뿐만 아니라 잎과 줄기에 대한 관심이 증가하여 이에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 뿌리에 비해 미비한 실정 이며 [16], 인삼에 비해 재배가 어렵고 가격이 비싸 대체로 약재 로 이용되고 있어 전반적으로 산양삼에 대한 연구가 미비한 실 정이다 [17].…”
This study investigated that comparison of the nutrients (including fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals) and ginsenoside, total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents and antioxidant activities in 5-year-old cultivated ginseng (CG), mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG), and whole plant parts of MCG (WPMCG). The contents of total fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were determined highest in MCG (1215.9 and 751.2 mg/100 g), and saturated fatty acid was determined highest in WPMCG (486.4 mg/100 g) respectively. Characteristically, the αlinolenic acid content was detected up to 10 times higher in MCG (139.3 mg/100 g) and WPMCG (194.4 mg/100 g) compared to CG (18.1 mg/100 g). Total free and essential amino acid contents were high with CG < MCG < WPMCG (1006.35 mg/100 g and 839.46 mg/100 g). Notably, γ-aminobutyric acid and arginine were detected as the main non-essential amino acids with highest levels detected in WPMCG (163.10 mg/100 g) and MCG (305.23 mg/100 g), respectively. Total mineral content was high in CG (30.36 mg/100 g) and WPMCG (29.82 mg/100 g). Particularly, Calcium (Ca) was detected more than twice as high in WPMCG (6.68 mg/100 g) as compared to CG and MCG. TP and TF contents were 5.12 gallic acid mg/g and 3.04 RE mg/g respectively. Ginsenoside content was the highest in WPMCG (42.44 mg/g) in general and the highest antioxidant activity was also observed in WPMCG.
“…한국, 일본, 중국 등 동아시아와 유럽에서 뿌리 를 식용 또는 약용으로 이용하고 있으며 [4], 산양삼은 사포닌계 물질인 ginsenosides와 그 외에 polyacetylenes, phenolics, acidic polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloid, amino acids 유도체 [5,6] 등 의 유효성분을 포함하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재까지 산양삼 효능은 항산화 [7,8], 항암 [9], 혈중지질개선, 혈당강하, 항당뇨 [10], 항염증 [11], 면역 증진 [12,13], 간 보호 [14] 등이 있는 것으로 알 려져 있으며 재배삼에 비해 약리 효능 및 ginsenosides 함량이 높은 것으로 보고되어 효능 또한 뛰어남을 인정받고 있다 [15]. 최근에는 뿌리뿐만 아니라 잎과 줄기에 대한 관심이 증가하여 이에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 뿌리에 비해 미비한 실정 이며 [16], 인삼에 비해 재배가 어렵고 가격이 비싸 대체로 약재 로 이용되고 있어 전반적으로 산양삼에 대한 연구가 미비한 실 정이다 [17].…”
This study investigated that comparison of the nutrients (including fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals) and ginsenoside, total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents and antioxidant activities in 5-year-old cultivated ginseng (CG), mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG), and whole plant parts of MCG (WPMCG). The contents of total fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were determined highest in MCG (1215.9 and 751.2 mg/100 g), and saturated fatty acid was determined highest in WPMCG (486.4 mg/100 g) respectively. Characteristically, the αlinolenic acid content was detected up to 10 times higher in MCG (139.3 mg/100 g) and WPMCG (194.4 mg/100 g) compared to CG (18.1 mg/100 g). Total free and essential amino acid contents were high with CG < MCG < WPMCG (1006.35 mg/100 g and 839.46 mg/100 g). Notably, γ-aminobutyric acid and arginine were detected as the main non-essential amino acids with highest levels detected in WPMCG (163.10 mg/100 g) and MCG (305.23 mg/100 g), respectively. Total mineral content was high in CG (30.36 mg/100 g) and WPMCG (29.82 mg/100 g). Particularly, Calcium (Ca) was detected more than twice as high in WPMCG (6.68 mg/100 g) as compared to CG and MCG. TP and TF contents were 5.12 gallic acid mg/g and 3.04 RE mg/g respectively. Ginsenoside content was the highest in WPMCG (42.44 mg/g) in general and the highest antioxidant activity was also observed in WPMCG.
“…인삼(Panax ginseng)은 오가피과(두릅 나무과, Araliaceae)에 속하는 다 년생 초본으로 생장 환경에 따 라 산에 야생하는 산삼, 산림에서 직파 또는 이식 재배하는 산양 삼(장뇌삼), 일반 경작지에서 재배하는 재배삼으로 구별하고 있 다 (Shin et al, 2001). 야생의 자연환경에서 성장한 산삼과 산 양삼은 재배성장 조건의 인위적 조정 하에 생육한 재배삼보다 methionine, cysteine 및 tryptophan 같은 아미노산 함량이 1.9배 높아 항우울, 혈압저하, 면역력 강화 등의 활성에서 재배 삼을 앞선다 (Kim et al, 2012). 또한 산양삼은 염증매개를 억 제하고 항염증 매개체 생성을 증진시켜 염증으로부터 간을 보호 하며 (Kim et al, 2015), 재배삼에서는 발견되지 않는 항암 관 련 ginsenoside Rh2와 칼슘수산화 결정이 함유되어 있다 (Choi et al, 2007).…”
Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate antioxidant activities of Sunsik supplemented with cultivated wild ginseng powder and its applicability as a beauty food. Methods: After obtaining extracts from cultivated wild ginseng powder and Sunsik using 70% ethanol, the antioxidant activity of Sunsik supplemented with cultivated wild ginseng powder was measured using the radical scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and sodium were also measured by an inductively coupled plasma method. The mean and standard deviation were calculated using SPSS statistics 21. ANOVA was performed for each test group and Duncan's multiple range test was performed at the significance level of 5%. Results: Total polyphenol contents of Sunsik with 0.6% 15-year cultivated wild ginseng powder (15yrWS0.6) were determined to be the highest one in all the samples, as was the DPPH radical scavenging activity of 15yrWS0.6. Conclusion: Therefore, this study demonstrates that Sunsik possesses antioxidant activity, suggesting that supplemented with cultivated wild ginseng powder can act as an effective functional inner beauty food for health.
Wild ginseng is known to have better pharmacological effects than cultivated ginseng. Additionally, recently developed bioengineering technology has made it possible to produce cultured wild ginseng with the same genetic composition. In this study, we investigated the change in characteristics and the improvement of the intestinal barrier of cultured wild ginseng roots (CWG) and fermented cultured wild ginseng roots (FCWG). First, we screened nine strains of bacteria that are capable of growing on 5-brix CWG medium, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 (HY7303) showed the highest growth. Second, changes in the characteristics of CWG due to fermentation using HY7303 showed that pH and total carbohydrates decreased, and reducing sugars increased. The contents of minor ginsenosides (Rg3(s), Rk1, and Rg5) increased. Third, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a single peak at 493.7 nm were isolated from CWG, and EVs with three peaks at 9.0 nm, 155.6 nm, and 459.0 nm were isolated from FCWG, respectively. Finally, when we treated Caco-2 cells with FCWG and EVs, we confirmed the improvement of intestinal barrier functions, including recovery, permeability, and expression of tight-junction protein genes. In this study, we confirmed the potential pharmacological effects of minor ginsenosides and EVs derived from FCWG. In conclusion, this study suggests that CWG fermentation with HY7303 improves the intestinal barrier by increasing minor ginsenosides and producing EVs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.